Pneumatic displacement of submacular haemorrhage secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

Background: To compare the visual and anatomical outcomes of pneumatic displacement (PD) combined with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy versus anti-VEGF monotherapy in treatment-naive eyes with submacular haemorrhage (SMH) secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

Methods: In a retrospective comparative interventional study of 57 eyes, the changes in logMAR visual acuity (VA), and SMH height and area at baseline at months 1, 3 and 12 were compared between the PD and non-PD groups.

Results: There was no significant difference in mean VA in the PD versus non-PD group at month 12 (1.

Artificial Intelligence, Digital Imaging, and Robotics Technologies for Surgical Vitreoretinal Diseases.

Objective: To review recent technological advancement in imaging, surgical visualization, robotics technology, and the use of artificial intelligence in surgical vitreoretinal (VR) diseases.

Background: Technological advancements in imaging enhance both preoperative and intraoperative management of surgical VR diseases. Widefield imaging in fundal photography and OCT can improve assessment of peripheral retinal disorders such as retinal detachments, degeneration, and tumors.

International incidence and temporal trends for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

We set out to estimate the international incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and to evaluate its temporal trend over time. There is a lack of robust estimates on the worldwide incidence and trend for RRD, a major cause of acute vision loss. We conducted a systematic review of RRD incidence.

Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Pediatric Retinal Diseases.

Indirect ophthalmoscopy and handheld retinal imaging are the most common and traditional modalities for the evaluation and documentation of the pediatric fundus, especially for pre-verbal children. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows for in vivo visualization that resembles histology, and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) allows for non-invasive depth-resolved imaging of the retinal vasculature. Both OCT and OCTA were extensively used and studied in adults, but not in children.

Development of local guidelines to prevent perioperative hypothermia in children: a prospective observational cohort study.

Purpose: Perioperative hypothermia (PH) is defined as core body temperature < 36°C during the perioperative period. The incidence of PH is not well established in children because of variations in perioperative temperature monitoring and control measures. We sought to 1) establish the incidence of pediatric PH, 2) assess its adverse outcomes, and 3) identify risk factors in our pediatric population to develop local guidelines for prevention of PH.

Quantifying the potential of morphological parameters for human dental identification: part 2-selecting the strongest identifiers in mandibular permanent teeth.

The current study aimed to select the best dental morphological identifiers for human identification. Sixty-two panoramic radiographs were collected retrospectively, in which six measurements were performed on all seven mandibular left permanent teeth: tooth length (TL), crown length (CL), root length (RL), crown width (CW), cervical width (CEJW), and root width (RW). Nine length-width ratios were then calculated using these measurements.

MACULAR SENSITIVITY AND CAPILLARY PERFUSION IN HIGHLY MYOPIC EYES WITH MYOPIC MACULAR DEGENERATION.

Purpose: To evaluate the interrelationship between macular sensitivity and retinal perfusion density (PD) in eyes with myopic macular degeneration (MMD).

Methods: One hundred and thirty-eight highly myopic eyes from 82 adult participants were recruited. Macular sensitivity was evaluated using the Microperimeter MP-3.

Gene-Based Therapeutics for Inherited Retinal Diseases.

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a heterogenous group of orphan eye diseases that typically result from monogenic mutations and are considered attractive targets for gene-based therapeutics. Following the approval of an IRD gene replacement therapy for Leber's congenital amaurosis due to mutations, there has been an intensive international research effort to identify the optimal gene therapy approaches for a range of IRDs and many are now undergoing clinical trials. In this review we explore therapeutic challenges posed by IRDs and review current and future approaches that may be applicable to different subsets of IRD mutations.

Multimodal Imaging-Based Phenotyping of a Singaporean Hospital-Based Cohort of High Myopia Patients.

To assess the effect of axial length (AL) on the prevalence of pathologic myopia (PM) and associated myopic features in a Singaporean hospital-based cohort of patient with high myopia (HM). In total, 923 HM eyes from 495 individuals were recruited from the Myopic and Pathologic Eyes in Singapore (MyoPES) cohort and underwent ocular biometry, fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, and swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Images were analyzed for the presence of myopic macular degeneration (MMD), myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV), myopic traction maculopathy (MTM), peripapillary atrophy (PPA), myopic tilted disc, posterior staphyloma (PS), dome-shaped macula (DSM), vitremacular adhesions (VMA), and the epiretinal membrane (ERM).

Gene-Based Therapeutics for Acquired Retinal Disease: Opportunities and Progress.

Acquired retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy rank among the leading causes of blindness and visual loss worldwide. Effective treatments for these conditions are available, but often have a high treatment burden, and poor compliance can lead to disappointing real-world outcomes. Development of new treatment strategies that provide more durable treatment effects could help to address some of these unmet needs.

Adenosine-induced ventricular fibrillation in a patient with supraventricular tachycardia.

Adenosine is frequently used for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) treatment in the emergency department (ED). Atrial and ventricular pro-arrhythmic effects of adenosine were described in the literature, but ventricular fibrillation (VF) secondary to adenosine administration was rarely reported (with an incidence of < 1%). Reported herein is the first case of a 72-year-old female patient who developed VF hemodynamic collapse after an intravenous administration of adenosine for PSVT treatment.

Perioperative Temperature Management in Children: What Matters?

Unlabelled: Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia is common and associated with increased risk of perioperative complications. Adult data drives most guidelines for pediatric perioperative temperature management and does not consistently demonstrate effectiveness in children. This study aims to identify risk factors for hypothermia and determine the effectiveness of current interventions in the pediatric population.

Clinical operational considerations and responses to lockdown and reopening in the Covid-19 pandemic: experience of a tertiary ophthalmology centre in Singapore.

Background: Much has been written on infection control and clinical measures for ophthalmic institutions and departments to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. However, few articles have detailed implementation plans to manage lockdowns and subsequent re-openings. In this article, specific operational responses and their outcomes in a large tertiary ophthalmology centre are described.

Identifying the content for an item bank and computerized adaptive testing system to measure the impact of age-related macular degeneration on health-related quality of life.

Purpose: We are developing an age-related macular degeneration (AMD) health-related quality of life (HRQoL) item bank, applicable to Western and Asian populations. We report primarily on content generation and refinement, but also compare the HRQoL issues reported in our study with Western studies and current AMD-HRQoL questionnaires.

Methods: In this cross-sectional, qualitative study of AMD patients attending the Singapore National Eye Centre (May-December 2019), items/domains were generated from: (1) AMD-specific questionnaires; (2) published articles; (3) focus groups/semi-structured interviews with AMD patients (n = 27); and (4) written feedback from retinal experts.

Association of Aberrant Posterior Vitreous Detachment and Pathologic Tractional Forces With Myopic Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess whether the tractional elements of pathologic myopia (PM; e.g. myopic traction maculopathy [MTM], posterior staphyloma [PS], and aberrant posterior vitreous detachment [PVD]) are associated with myopic macular degeneration (MMD) independent of age and axial length, among highly myopic (HM) eyes.

Retinal photograph-based deep learning algorithms for myopia and a blockchain platform to facilitate artificial intelligence medical research: a retrospective multicohort study.

Background: By 2050, almost 5 billion people globally are projected to have myopia, of whom 20% are likely to have high myopia with clinically significant risk of sight-threatening complications such as myopic macular degeneration. These are diagnoses that typically require specialist assessment or measurement with multiple unconnected pieces of equipment. Artificial intelligence (AI) approaches might be effective for risk stratification and to identify individuals at highest risk of visual loss.

Association of macular and choroidal perfusion with long-term visual outcomes after macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Background/aims: To examine the relationship between macular perfusion, as assessed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and long-term visual outcome after surgical repair of macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods: A prospective study of 29 patients who had undergone successful surgical repair of macula-off RRD. OCTA imaging was performed at month 3 and repeated at months 6 and 12 after surgery.

Anaesthetic modality and post-surgical oncological outcomes for paediatric tumours: is there a link?

Introduction: Children with solid organ tumours often present for curative surgery. Even with the best surgical technique, micrometastases can occur. Preclinical studies support the postulation that neuraxial anaesthesia maintains the body's immune and inflammatory milieu against metastasis.

Patterns and Characteristics of a Clinical Implementation of a Self-Monitoring Program for Retina Diseases during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: We describe the large-scale self-initiated recruitment of patients to a self-monitoring initiative for macular pathologic features during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Design: Observational study with retrospective analysis.

Participants: A total of 2272 patients from the Singapore National Eye Centre (SNEC) whose visits were rescheduled over lockdown (April 13-June 1, 2020) were offered participation in a self-monitoring initiative administered by SNEC with the Alleye application (Switzerland) as the testing instrument.

Diabetic Macular Ischemia: Influence of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Parameters on Changes in Functional Outcomes Over One Year.

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate whether diabetic macular ischemia detected with coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is associated with change in functional outcomes over a period of one year.

Methods: This is a one-year prospective, observational study that included 56 eyes with varying levels of diabetic retinopathy. All participants underwent best corrected visual acuity evaluation, swept-source OCTA and microperimetry at baseline and repeated at one year.

Quantitative OCT angiography of the retinal microvasculature and choriocapillaris in highly myopic eyes with myopic macular degeneration.

Purpose: To quantify retinal and choriocapillaris (CC) microvasculature in highly myopic (HM) eyes with myopic macular degeneration (MMD) using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA).

Methods: 162 HM eyes (spherical equivalent ≤ -6.0 dioptres or axial length (AL) ≥26.

Vessel Density Changes on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography after Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitor Treatment for Diabetic Macular Edema.

Objectives: To evaluate the changes in macular vessel density after treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors in center-involving diabetic macular edema (DME) and to compare these changes between anatomical responders and non-responders.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 22 eyes with center-involving DME. All eyes had 3 consecutive administrations of VEGF inhibitors.