A computational analysis of the oncogenic and anti-tumor immunity role of P4HA3 in human cancers.

Prolyl-4-hydroxylase subunit alpha3 (P4HA3) is a triple helical procollagen synthesis protein. The role of P4HA3 in cancer development is not well known and lacks comprehensive analyses among human cancers. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between P4HA3 expression and anti-tumor immunity and its prognostic value in pan-cancer.

Etching of Ag nanoparticles triggered bidirectional regulation for electrochemiluminescence ratiometric immunoassay.

A highly efficient ratiometric electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay was explored by bidirectionally regulating the ECL intensity of two luminophors. The immunoassay was conducted in a split-type mode consisting of an ECL detection procedure and a sandwich immunoreaction. The ECL detection was executed using a dual-disk glassy carbon electrode modified with two potential-resolved luminophors (g-CN-Ag and Ru-MOF-Ag nanocomposites), and the sandwich immunoreaction using glucose oxidase (GOx)-modified SiO nanospheres as labels was carried out in a 96-well plate.

Liposome-assisted chemical redox cycling strategy for advanced signal amplification: A proof-of-concept toward sensitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.

This work presents a novel signal amplification strategy for electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor based on liposome-assisted chemical redox cycling for in situ formation of Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) on TiO nanotubes (TiO NTs) electrode. The system was exemplified by ascorbic acid (AA)-loaded liposome, the redox cycling of AA utilizing tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP) as reductant, and the use of Au nanoclusters (Au NCs)/TiO NTs as working electrode to implement the ECL detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA). Specifically, the AA-loaded liposomes were used as tags to label the captured PSA through a sandwich immunoreaction.

Formation of BiMoO-BiS Heterostructure: A Proof-Of-Concept Study for Photoelectrochemical Bioassay of l-Cysteine.

A novel signal-increased photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor for l-cysteine (L-Cys) was proposed based on the BiMoO-BiS heterostructure formed on the indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode. To fabricate the PEC biosensor, BiMoO nanoparticles were prepared by a hydrothermal method and coated on a bare ITO electrode. When L-Cys existed, BiS was formed on the interface of the BiMoO/ITO electrode by a chemical displacement reaction.

HO-activated independently bidirectional regulation for a sensitive and accurate electrochemiluminescence ratiometric analysis.

Potential-resolved electrochemiluminescence (ECL) ratiometric analysis has become a research hotspot in bioassays by virtue of its good accuracy, versatility and specificity. Current ECL ratiometry mainly focuses on the competition for the co-reactant or quantitative analysis using a variable signal and a changeless signal; the disorganized change or small difference between the two signals may affect the accuracy and sensitivity of detection. In this study, we have developed a novel ECL ratiometric sensor based on the bidirectional regulation of two independent co-reaction systems by HO.

Dual-wavelength electrochemiluminescence ratiometry for hydrogen sulfide detection based on Cd-doped g-CN nanosheets.

Herein, a novel and facile dual-wavelength ratiometric electrochemiluminescence-resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) sensor for hydrogen sulfide (HS) detection was constructed based on the interaction between S and Cd-doped g-CN nanosheets (NSs). Cd-doped g-CN NSs exhibited a strong ECL emission at 435 nm. In the presence of HS, CdS was formed on g-CN NSs by the adsorption of S and Cd, generating another ECL emission at 515 nm.

A novel split-type photoelectrochemical immunosensor based on chemical redox cycling amplification for sensitive detection of cardiac troponin I.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunoassay is a burgeoning and promising bioanalytical method. However, the practical application of PEC still exist some challenges such as the inevitable damage of biomolecules caused by the PEC system and the unsatisfactory sensitivity for biomarkers with low abundance in real sample. To solve the problems, we integrated the cosensitized structure of Ag2S/ZnO nanocomposities as photoelectrode with photogenerated hole-induced chemical redox cycling amplification (CRCA) strategy to develop a split-type PEC immunosensor for cardiac troponin I (cTnI) with high sensitivity.

Chemical-chemical redox cycling amplification strategy in a self-powered photoelectrochemical system: a proof of concept for signal amplified photocathodic immunoassay.

A chemical-chemical redox cycling amplification strategy was introduced into a photocathodic immunosensing system. To prove the applicability of the method, a novel self-powered photochemical system by integrating the photoanode and photocathode was designed for protein analysis.

A novel chemiluminescence imaging immunosensor for prostate specific antigen detection based on a multiple signal amplification strategy.

A novel chemiluminescence (CL) imaging platform was constructed for prostate specific antigen (PSA) detection in a multiple signal amplifying manner. To construct the platform, the primary antibody for PSA was firstly immobilized on a O-ring area of a glass slide for recognizing the PSA. The horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and the secondary antibody of PSA (Ab) functionalized Au NPs (HRP-Au NPs-Ab) were modified on the platform through immunoreaction between PSA and Ab.

A potentiometric resolved photoelectrochemical system based on CdS nanowires and SnNbO nanosheets: a case application for dual biomarker analysis.

A potentiometric resolved photoelectrochemical (PEC) system based on CdS nanowires and SnNb2O6 nanosheets was developed. To prove the applicability of this system in PEC multi-biomarker analysis, a label free PEC immunosensor for two cardiac biomarkers, myoglobin and cardiac troponin I, was constructed.

Reduced graphene oxide-gold nanoparticles-catalase-based dual signal amplification strategy in a spatial-resolved ratiometric electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.

A novel spatial-resolved electrochemiluminescent (ECL) ratiometry for cardiac troponin I (cTnI) analysis was developed using resonance energy transfer (RET) and a coreactant consumption strategy for signal amplification. Specifically, the spatial-resolved dual-disk glassy carbon electrodes were modified with CdS nanowires (CdS NWs) and luminol-gold nanoparticles (L-Au NPs) as potential-resolved ECL emitters, respectively. After stepwise immobilization of anti-cTnI and bovine serum albumin on the dual-disk electrodes, the CdS NWs-based electrode, with varied concentrations of cTnI, was used to provide a working signal, whereas the L-Au NPs-based electrode, with a fixed amount of cTnI, was employed to provide the reference signal.

CdS:Mn-sensitized 2D/2D heterostructured g-CN-MoS with excellent photoelectrochemical performance for ultrasensitive immunosensing platform.

The exploration of advanced photoactive materials with fine photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance is always the hot subject in PEC bioanalysis. Herein, Mn-doped CdS nanocrystals (CdS:Mn)-sensitized 2D/2D heterostructured g-CN-MoS was prepared and served as photoactive matrix of PEC sensing platform for myoglobin (Myo) detection using CuO nanoparticles labeled anti-Myo (anti-Myo-CuO) conjugates as signal amplification tags. The heterostructured g-CN-MoS could effectively promote the electron transfer and evidently restrain the recombination of electron-hole pairs, producing the high photocurrent response.

Ru(NH)/Ru(NH)-Mediated Redox Cycling: Toward Enhanced Triple Signal Amplification for Photoelectrochemical Immunoassay.

Herein we report an effective Ru(NH)/Ru(NH)-mediated photoelectrochemical-chemical-chemical (PECCC) redox cycling amplification (RCA) strategy toward enhanced triple signal amplification for advanced split-type PEC immunoassay application. Specifically, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) label was confined via a sandwich immunorecognition to convert 4-aminophenyl phosphate to the signal reporter 4-aminophenol (AP), which was then directed to interact with Ru(NH) as a redox mediator and tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP) as reducing agent in the detection buffer. Upon illumination, the system was then operated upon the oxidation of Ru(NH) by the photogenerated holes on the BiS/BiVO photoelectrode, starting the chain reaction in which the Ru(NH) was regenerated by Ru(NH)-enabled oxidization of AP to p-quinoneimine, which was simultaneously recovered by TCEP.

A novel electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer system for simultaneous determination of two acute myocardial infarction markers using versatile gold nanorods as energy acceptors.

A novel electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) system using versatile gold nanorods as energy acceptors was introduced into the ECL biochemical analysis. A spatial- and potential-resolved platform coupled with the ECL-RET strategy was developed for simultaneous determination of two acute myocardial infarction markers.

Electrochemiluminescence energy resonance transfer in 2D/2D heterostructured g-CN/MnO for glutathione detection.

The energy transfer efficiency, strongly depending on the distance of donor-acceptor pair, is always a crucial factor for the construction of elegant electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET)-based biosensors. In this paper, a novel and efficient ECL-RET in 2D/2D heterostructured g-CN/MnO was developed using g-CN nanosheets (g-CN NSs) as energy donor and MnO nanosheets (MnO NSs) as energy acceptor. In this system, MnO NSs in-situ grew on g-CN NSs to form the 2D/2D heterostructure, greatly shortening the distance of the donor-acceptor pair (g-CN-MnO) and thus greatly enhancing the RET efficiency.

Photoelectrochemical-Chemical-Chemical Redox Cycling for Advanced Signal Amplification: Proof-of-Concept Toward Ultrasensitive Photoelectrochemical Bioanalysis.

Signal amplification is essential for ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) bioanalysis. Exploration of the facile and efficient route for multiple signal amplification is highly appealing. Herein, we present the concept of photoelectrochemical-chemical-chemical (PECCC) redox cycling as an advanced signal amplification route and a proof-of-concept toward ultrasensitive PEC bioanalysis.

Immuno-Electrochemiluminescent Imaging of a Single Cell Based on Functional Nanoprobes of Heterogeneous Ru(bpy)@SiO/Au Nanoparticles.

It is valuable to develop a sensing platform for not only detecting a tumor marker in body fluids but also measuring its expression at single cells. In the present study, a simple closed bipolar electrodes-based electrochemiluminescence (BPEs-ECL) imaging strategy was developed for visual immunoassay of prostate specific antigen (PSA) at single cells using functional nanoprobes of heterogeneous Ru(bpy)@SiO/Au nanoparticles. Multiple-assisted ECL signal amplification strategy was introduced into the detection system on the basis of the synergetic amplifying effect of the anodic and cathodic amplification.

Cathodic electrochemiluminescence behaviour of MoS quantum dots and its biosensing of microRNA-21.

The cathodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) behaviour of nontoxic MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) was studied for the first time using potassium peroxydisulfate as the co-reactant. Ag-PAMAM NCs, serving as difunctional tags for quenching and enhancing ECL of MoS2-reduced graphene oxide composites, were introduced into the ECL detection system for signal amplification. By modulating the interparticle distance between MoS2 QDs and Ag-PAMAM NCs, the ECL quenching from resonance energy transfer and the ECL enhancement from surface plasma resonance were realized.

Photogenerated Hole-Induced Chemical Redox Cycling on BiS/BiSnO Heterojunction: Toward General Amplified Split-Type Photoelectrochemical Immunoassay.

This work reports the elegant bridging of enzymatic generation of electron donor with photogenerated hole-induced chemical redox cycling amplification (RCA) for innovative photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunoassay, by the aid of a heterojunction photoelectrode with split-type strategy. Specifically, the system was exemplified by the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic generation of ascorbic acid (AA), the redox cycling of AA by tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP) as reductant, and the use of a novel BiS/BiSnO heterojunction and myoglobin (Myo) as the photoelectrode and the target, respectively. After the immunoreaction and ALP-induced production of AA, the subsequent oxidation of AA by the photogenerated holes of the BiS/BiSnO heterojunction could be cycled via the regeneration of AA by TCEP from the oxidized product of dehydroascorbic acid, leading to easy signal amplification for the sensitive immunoassay of Myo in real samples.

An in situ electron donor consumption strategy for photoelectrochemical biosensing of proteins based on ternary BiS/AgS/TiO NT arrays.

An ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO)-ascorbic acid bioevent-based electron donor consumption mode was introduced into the PEC bioassay for the first time. Ternary hybrid bismuth sulfide/silver sulfide/TiO nanotube arrays as the photoelectrode coupled with AAO attached to SiO as a dual signal quenching strategy were employed for sensitivity enhancement.

Spatial-resolved dual-signal-output electrochemiluminescent ratiometric strategy for accurate and sensitive immunoassay.

The identification of tumor markers is of great importance for clinical diagnosis but accurate detection with high sensitivity is still a great challenge. In present work, a spatial-resolved dual-signal-output electrochemiluminescent (ECL) ratiometric assay platform was constructed for sensitive detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) on a dual-disk glassy carbon electrode. To fabricate the platform, flower-like CdS three-dimensional (3D) assemblies and Ru(bpy)-conjugated silica nanoparticles (Ru(bpy)@RuSi NPs), were immobilized onto the two disks as cathodic and anodic ECL emitters, respectively.

Ferrocene-graphene sheets for high-efficiency quenching of electrochemiluminescence from Au nanoparticles functionalized cadmium sulfide flower-like three dimensional assemblies and sensitive detection of prostate specific antigen.

A signal-switchable electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor was presented for sensitive prostate specific antigen (PSA) assay using ferrocene-graphene sheets (Fc-GNs) for high-efficiency quenching of ECL from Au nanoparticles functionalized cadmium sulfide flower-like three dimensional (3D) assemblies (Au-CdS flower-like 3D assemblies). Au-CdS flower-like 3D assemblies were synthesized and employed as luminophore, exhibiting strong and stable ECL intensity, and followed by assembling captured DNA (cDNA) and hybridizing it with half of base sequence of PSA aptamer on the Au-CdS flower-like 3D assemblies modified electrode. The remaining part of the non-complementary base of the aptamer could preferentially adsorb GN with the signal switched "off" state.

Aptamer-based detection and quantitative analysis of human immunoglobulin E in capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection.

A novel aptamer-based CE with chemiluminescence (CL) assay was developed for highly sensitive detection of human immunoglobulin E (IgE). The IgE aptamer was conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to form AuNPs-aptamer that could specifically recognize the IgE to produce an AuNPs-aptamer-IgE complex. The mixture of the AuNPs-aptamer-IgE complex and the unbounded AuNPs-aptamer could be effectively separated by CE and sensitively detected with luminol-H2 O2 CL system.

Dual-signal amplification strategy for ultrasensitive chemiluminescence detection of PDGF-BB in capillary electrophoresis.

Many efforts have been made toward the achievement of high sensitivity in capillary electrophoresis coupled with chemiluminescence detection (CE-CL). This work describes a novel dual-signal amplification strategy for highly specific and ultrasensitive CL detection of human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) using both aptamer and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) modified gold nanoparticles (HRP-AuNPs-aptamer) as nanoprobes in CE. Both AuNPs and HRP in the nanoprobes could amplify the CL signals in the luminol-H2 O2 CL system, owing to the excellent catalytic behavior of AuNPs and HRP in the CL system.