Intramolecular dehydrogenative C-S bond coupling of thioamides to form 1,3-benzothiazines under metal-free conditions.

A novel HTIB-promoted direct intramolecular dehydrogenative C-S bond coupling reaction of thioamides has been developed to provide 1,3-benzothiazine derivatives in good yields. The reaction proceeds smoothly to reach completion at room temperature within 1 min under metal-free conditions. This protocol provides a mild and efficient strategy for the synthesis of six-membered N,S-containing heterocycles.

Bacterial communities associated with an occurrence of colored water in an urban drinking water distribution system.

This study aimed to investigate bacterial community in an urban drinking water distribution system (DWDS) during an occurrence of colored water. Variation in the bacterial community diversity and structure was observed among the different waters, with the predominance of Proteobacteria. While Verrucomicrobia was also a major phylum group in colored water.

Impact of anthracene addition on microbial community structure in soil microcosms from contaminated and uncontaminated sites.

Objective: This paper aims to investigate the impact of anthracene addition on microbial community in agricultural soil irrigated with tap water or reclaimed wastewater.

Methods: The changes of microbial community were characterized by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism in combination with 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis.

Results: A significant change in microbial community composition was observed during the biodegradation of anthracene, with dominantly enriched members from the genus Methylophilus.

Changes in bacterial community of anthracene bioremediation in municipal solid waste composting soil.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common contaminants in a municipal solid waste (MSW) composting site. Knowledge of changes in microbial structure is useful to identify particular PAH degraders. However, the microbial community in the MSW composting soil and its change associated with prolonged exposure to PAHs and subsequent biodegradation remain largely unknown.

Comparison of bacterioplankton communities in three heavily polluted streams in China.

Objective: To compare the bacterioplankton communities in streams exposed to pollution of different types.

Methods: The bacterioplankton communities in three selected heavily polluted streams were investigated by using terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis in combination with 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis.

Results: Both T-RFLP and 16S rRNA gene clone library revealed a great difference in bacterioplankton community composition in the different streams.

Biosorption characteristics of ectomycorrhizal fungal mycelium for anthracene.

Objective: To investigate the potential of Gomphidius viscidus, a kind of ectomycorrhizal fungi, for phytoremediation of anthracene in soil.

Methods: Absorptioe changes of micro-habitat were studied in detail.

Conclusion: Ectomycorrhizal plants have a strong potential for remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarn characteristics of both active and inactivated mycelia.

[Pilot experiment on the treatment of the river wastewater by a step-feed biological contact process].

In the Dianchi Lake watershed, the Daqinghe River with the highest load of pollution was chosen as the treatment target, a new step-feed biological contact (SFBC) process was studied to treat the wastewater from the riverway. The pilot experiment was carried out through a winter dry season, a spring dry season and a summer rainy season. The results showed that the SFBC process was well-adapted to the variation of the river wastewater qualities.

Control of bromate and THM precursors using ozonation combined system.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of reducing THM precursors and controlling bromate taste and odor in drinking water taken from the Yellow River by an ozonation combined system.

Methods: The appropriate ozone dosage was determined, and then the changes of TOC, UV254 and THM formation potential (THMFP) in the combined system were evaluated.

Results: One mg/L ozone could effectively remove taste and odor and meet the maximum allowable bromate level in drinking water.

Reduction of precursors of chlorination by-products in drinking water using fluidized-bed biofilm reactor at low temperature.

Objective: To investigate the reduction of chlorination by-products (CBPs) precursors using the fluidized-bed biofilm reactor (FBBR).

Methods: Reduction of total organic carbon (TOC), ultraviolet absorbance (UV254), trihalomethane (THM) formation potential (THMFP), haloacetic acid (HAA) formation potential (HAAFP), and ammonia in FBBR were evaluated in detail. Results The reduction of TOC or UV254 was low, on average 12.

Biological pretreatment of Yellow River water.

Bio-ceramic filter(BF) and moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) were used for biological pretreatment of Yellow River water in this study. The BF only had slight advantage over MBBR for TOC and ammonia removal. However, like UV254, the average removal rate of THMFP in the BF was much higher than that in the MBBR.

[Treating of algae-laden raw water with GAC-sand dual media deep bed dissolved air flotation/filtration].

GAC-sand dual media deep bed dissolved air flotation/filtration (GSDDB-DAFF) is a new integrated process, its characteristics include: integration of dissolved air flotation and filtration, GAC-sand dual media deep bed filtration, integration of general treatment and advanced treatment. When algae-laden raw water was treated with the new process. The result showed that removal percentage of algae was 95.

Temperature effect on aerobic denitrification and nitrification.

Nitrogen loss without organic removal in biofilter was observed and its possible reason was explained. A lower hydraulic loading could improve aerobic denitrification rate. Aerobic denitrification was seriously affected by low temperature(below 10 degrees C).