A novel bud mutant of navel orange (Citrus sinensis) shows tolerance to chlorosis in acidic and magnesium-deficient soils.

Interveinal chlorosis in old leaves is a common occurrence in citrus orchards in southern China. The present study investigates the 'Langfeng' navel orange (LF, Citrus sinensis) grafted onto a Trifoliate orange (TO, Poncirus trifoliata) rootstock, which exhibits healthy green leaves, and the 'Newhall' navel orange (NHE, C. sinensis) grafted onto TO, which has typical magnesium (Mg) deficiency-induced chlorosis.

MYB308-mediated transcriptional activation of plasma membrane H -ATPase 6 promotes iron uptake in citrus.

Iron-deficiency chlorosis is a common nutritional disorder in crops grown on alkaline or calcareous soils. Although the acclimation mechanism to iron deficiency has been investigated, the genetic regulation of iron acquisition is still unclear. Here, by comparing the iron uptake process between the iron-poor-soil-tolerant citrus species Zhique (ZQ) and the iron-poor-soil-sensitive citrus species trifoliate orange (TO), we discovered that enhanced root H efflux is crucial for the tolerance to iron deficiency in ZQ.

Characteristics of boron distribution in the 'Newhall' navel orange plant with two root systems.

Grafting is a technique that provides a substantial way to enhance nutrient utilization thereby improves plant growth and yield quality. Although it is commonly practised in horticultural crops, the impact of scion-rootstock interaction on nutrient distribution is still unclear. Here, 'Newhall' navel orange plants grafted on Trifoliate orange (T) as the original rootstock were inarched with trifoliate orange (N/Tt combination) or carrizo citrange (N/Tc combination) rootstock seedlings.

Enhanced Serologically Based Detection of Liberibacters Associated with Citrus Huanglongbing.

' Liberibacter spp.' are associated with the most devastating disease of citrus Huanglongbing (HLB). In previous work, we established an in situ tissue print method for the detection of ' L.

Foliar Supplied Boron Can Be Transported to Roots as a Boron-Sucrose Complex via Phloem in Citrus Trees.

Although foliar boron (B) fertilization is regarded as an efficient way to remedy B deficiency, the mechanisms of foliar B transport from leaves to roots are still unclear. In this study, performed with 1-year-old "Newhall" navel orange () grafted on trifoliate orange () plants, we analyzed the B concentration in leaves and roots, B-sucrose complex in the phloem sap after foliar application of B, girdling, and/or shading treatments. Results indicated that B concentration was significantly increased in roots after foliar B treatment.

Transcriptome Analysis Unravels Metabolic and Molecular Pathways Related to Fruit Sac Granulation in a Late-Ripening Navel Orange ( Osbeck).

Lanelate navel orange ( Osbeck) is a late-ripening citrus cultivar increasingly planted in China. The physiological disorder juice sac granulation often occurs in the fruit before harvest, but the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying this disorder remain elusive. In this study, we found that fruit granulation of the late-ripening navel orange in the Three Gorges area is mainly caused by the low winter temperature in high altitude areas.

Identification of the magnesium transport (MGT) family in Poncirus trifoliata and functional characterization of PtrMGT5 in magnesium deficiency stress.

At least eight MGT genes were identified in citrus and PtrMGT5 plays important role in maintaining Mg homeostasis in citrus by getting involved in the Mg absorption and transport. Magnesium (Mg) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development, and the magnesium transporter (MGT) genes participate in mediate Mg uptake, translocation and sequestration into cellular storage compartments. Although several MGT genes have been characterized in various plant species, a comprehensive analysis of the MGT gene family in citrus is still uncharacterized.

Subfunctionalization of the Ruby2-Ruby1 gene cluster during the domestication of citrus.

The evolution of fruit colour in plants is intriguing. Citrus fruit has repeatedly gained or lost the ability to synthesize anthocyanins. Chinese box orange, a primitive citrus, can accumulate anthocyanins both in its fruits and its leaves.

The Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Citrus wilsonii Tanaka Extract in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 and Primary Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells.

'Zhique' (Citrus wilsonii Tanaka) is a traditional Chinese medicine. Its fruits have been used to treat inflammation-related symptoms, such as cough and sputum, though the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of 'Zhique' pulp extract (ZQE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.

Physiological and Transcriptional Changes of Three Citrus Rootstock Seedlings under Iron Deficiency.

Iron is an essential micronutrient for plants, and plants have evolved adaptive mechanisms to improve iron acquisition from soils. Grafting on iron deficiency-tolerant rootstock is an effective strategy to prevent iron deficiency-chlorosis in fruit-tree crops. To determine the mechanisms underlying iron uptake in iron deficiency, two iron deficiency-tolerant citrus rootstocks, Zhique (ZQ) and Xiangcheng (XC), as well as iron deficiency-sensitive rootstock trifoliate orange (TO) seedlings were studied.

Transcriptome Changes Associated with Boron Deficiency in Leaves of Two Citrus Scion-Rootstock Combinations.

Boron (B) deficiency stress is frequently observed in citrus orchards and causes considerable loss of productivity and fruit quality. Carrizo citrange (Cc) has been reported as a rootstock more tolerant to B deficiency than Trifoliate orange (To). The 'Newhall' navel orange (Ns) performed better when grafted onto Cc (Ns/Cc) than when grafted onto To (Ns/To) under long-term B deficiency.

Identification and transcript profiles of citrus growth-regulating factor genes involved in the regulation of leaf and fruit development.

Growth-regulating factor (GRF) is an important protein in GA-mediated response, with key roles in plant growth and development. However, it is not known whether or how the GRF proteins in citrus to regulate organ size. In this study, nine citrus GRF genes (CsGRF1-9) were validated from the 'Anliu' sweet orange (AL, Citrus sinensis cv.

Boron deficiency in woody plants: various responses and tolerance mechanisms.

Boron (B) is an essential microelement for higher plants, and its deficiency is widespread around the world and constrains the productivity of both agriculture and forestry. In the last two decades, numerous studies on model or herbaceous plants have contributed greatly to our understanding of the complex network of B-deficiency responses and mechanisms for tolerance. In woody plants, however, fewer studies have been conducted and they have not well been recently synthesized or related to the findings on model species on B transporters.

miRNAome analysis associated with anatomic and transcriptomic investigations reveal the polar exhibition of corky split vein in boron deficient Citrus sinensis.

Corky split vein can develop under long-term boron deficient conditions in Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Newhall.

Transcription profiles of boron-deficiency-responsive genes in citrus rootstock root by suppression subtractive hybridization and cDNA microarray.

Boron (B) deficiency has seriously negative effect on citrus production. Carrizo citrange (CC) has been reported as a B-deficiency tolerant rootstock. However, the molecular mechanism of its B-deficiency tolerance remained not well-explored.

Genome-wide identification and expression profile analysis of citrus sucrose synthase genes: investigation of possible roles in the regulation of sugar accumulation.

Sucrose synthase (Sus) (EC 2.4.1.

Metabolic profiling reveals altered pattern of central metabolism in navel orange plants as a result of boron deficiency.

We focused on the changes of metabolite profiles in navel orange plants under long-term boron (B) deficiency using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) approach. Curling of the leaves and leaf chlorosis were observed only in the upper leaves (present before start of the treatment) of B-deficient plants, while the lower leaves (grown during treatment) did not show any visible symptoms. The metabolites with up-accumulation in B-deficient leaves were mainly proline, l-ornithine, lysine, glucoheptonic acid, fucose, fumarate, oxalate, quinate, myo-inositol and allo-inositol, while the metabolites with down-accumulation in B-deficient leaves were mainly serine, asparagine, saccharic acid, citrate, succinate, shikimate and phytol.

Genome-wide identification of citrus ATP-citrate lyase genes and their transcript analysis in fruits reveals their possible role in citrate utilization.

ATP-citrate lyase (ACL, EC4.1.3.

Identification and transcript analysis of two glutamate decarboxylase genes, CsGAD1 and CsGAD2, reveal the strong relationship between CsGAD1 and citrate utilization in citrus fruit.

Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.

A novel macromolecular extract screened from satsuma with pro-inflammatory effect.

Excessive consumption of horticultural fruit is a double-edged sword with both positive and negative effects. In Eastern countries, a large number of people have suffered from shang huo as a result of excessive consumption of "heating" foods, such as lychee, longan, mandarin orange, mango and civet durian. The present study adopted a step by step strategy screened the compositions with pro-inflammatory effect in satsuma fruits.

Anti-inflammatory effect of auraptene extracted from trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliate) on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

Poncirus trifoliate is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant used for treating inflammation-related diseases for a long time and trifoliate orange contains abundant auraptene. The present study was to evaluate auraptene as a potential anti-inflammatory agent and investigate the mechanism of auraptene against prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells by comparing it with aspirin as a positive control group.

Digital gene expression analysis of corky split vein caused by boron deficiency in 'Newhall' Navel Orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) for selecting differentially expressed genes related to vascular hypertrophy.

Corky split vein caused by boron (B) deficiency in 'Newhall' Navel Orange was studied in the present research. The boron-deficient citrus exhibited a symptom of corky split vein in mature leaves. Morphologic and anatomical surveys at four representative phases of corky split veins showed that the symptom was the result of vascular hypertrophy.

Comparison of ascorbate metabolism in fruits of two citrus species with obvious difference in ascorbate content in pulp.

Citrus fruit is widely consumed and provides ascorbate for human health. The ascorbate content in pulp is generally higher in orange (Citrus sinensis Osb.) than in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.

Identification of miRNAs and their target genes using deep sequencing and degradome analysis in trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf] [corrected].

To identify novel as well as conserved miRNAs in citrus, deep sequencing of small RNA library combined with microarray was performed in precocious trifoliate orange (an early flowering mutant of trifoliate orange, Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.), resulting in the obtainment of a total of 114 conserved miRNAs belonging to 38 families and 155 novel miRNAs.