Case Report: Indirect Traumatic Optic Neuropathy from Subconcussive Soccer Headers in a 62-year-old Athlete.

Significance: Traumatic optic neuropathy is an uncommon but devastating cause of vision loss after injury to the head. Soccer players may have a heightened risk because of the game's emphasis on heading the ball, a technique in which a player hits the soccer ball with his/her head.

Purpose: This article reviews the case of an avid soccer player with traumatic optic neuropathy that occurred after numerous soccer ball headings during a game.

Matrix metalloproteinase and its drug targets therapy in solid and hematological malignancies: an overview.

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) comprises a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that degrade various components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membrane. MMPs are involved in solid and hematological malignancy through modification of cell growth, activation of cancer cells and modulation of immune functions. Several polymorphisms of different MMPs such as MMP-1 (-1607 1G/2G), MMP-2 (-1306 C/T), MMP-3 (-1171 5A/6A) & MMP-9 (-1562 C/T) and their expression levels have been well documented in different types of solid cancer.

Role of functional polymorphism of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (-1306 C/T and -168 G/T) and MMP-9 (-1562 C/T) promoter in oral submucous fibrosis and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in an Indian population.

The aim of this study was to explore the association of MMP-2 (-1306 C/T and -168 G/T) and MMP-9 (-1562 C/T) promoter polymorphisms in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cases. These SNP were genotyped by PCR-RFLP. Total of 1260 individuals were recruited, of which 412 OSMF, 422 HNSCC and 426 were controls.

Comparative study between the Hybrid Capture II test and PCR based assay for the detection of human papillomavirus DNA in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Oral malignancy is a major global health problem. Besides the main risk factors of tobacco, smoking and alcohol, infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) and genetic alterations are likely to play an important role in these lesions. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of HC-II assay and PCR for the detection of specific HPV type (HPV 16 E6) in OSMF and OSCC cases as well as find out the prevalence of the high risk HPV (HR-HPV) in these lesions.

Functional polymorphism of the MMP-1 promoter (-1607 1G/2G) in potentially malignant and malignant head and neck lesions in an Indian population.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of zinc-dependent proteases that degrade the entire component of the extracellular matrix. Our study explores the association of the MMP1 gene promoter (-1607 1G/2G) polymorphisms in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in an Indian population. The MMP1 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in 412 patients with OSMF, 422 with HNSCC and 426 controls.

Tobacco use by Indian medical students and the need for comprehensive intervention strategies.

Background: Tobacco is one of the most important causes of pulmonary and cardiac diseases. Health professionals, including medical students, should ideally play an important role in the fight against tobacco use but several reports suggest that a good number of medical students are themselves addicted to tobacco.

Methods: This is a single institutional cross-sectional survey of preclinical medical students in Moti Lal Nehru Medical College, Allahabad over a five-year period from 2003-2007.

Morphometric analysis in potentially malignant head and neck lesions: oral submucous fibrosis.

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze cases of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) Grade I, II, III and IV morphometrically with regard to epithelium, vasculature and fibrosis and determine any correlation with histological grading after Pindborg and Sirsat.

Materials And Methods: Eighty three oral submucous fibrosis cases were analyzed morpometrically using an interactive image analysis system in the Department of Pathology, M.L.

Prevalence of oral soft tissue lesions in Vidisha.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral soft tissue lesions in patients and to assess their clinicopathological attributes. 3030 subjects belonging to a semi-urban district of Vidisha in Central India were screened. Patients were examined with an overhead examination light and those who were identified with a questionable lesion underwent further investigations.

A cross-sectional study evaluating chemiluminescence and autofluorescence in the detection of clinically innocuous precancerous and cancerous oral lesions.

Background: ViziLite Plus with TBlue system (Zila Pharmaceuticals; now Zila, a division of Tolmar, Fort Collins, Colo.) and VELscope (LED Dental, White Rock, British Columbia, Canada) are oral cancer screening aids that have been developed to assist dentists in identifying precancerous and cancerous oral lesions.

Methods: The authors screened patients with an overhead examination light and then with VELscope or ViziLite.

Correlation of addictive factors, human papilloma virus infection and histopathology of oral submucous fibrosis.

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a widely prevalent, potentially malignant disorder of the oral cavity in the Indian subcontinent. Areca nut has been incriminated as the main causative factor. However, other factors, including viruses may also play a role in the initiation/development of these lesions.

Lipid profile in oral submucous fibrosis.

Background: Changes in lipid profile have long been associated with malignancies as lipids play a key role in maintenance of cell integrity. This study evaluated the alterations in extended lipid profile in untreated patients of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and studied the correlation between lipid levels with tobacco consumption.

Materials And Methods: In this hospital-based study, 65 clinically diagnosed and histopathologically proven patients of OSMF and 42 age and sex matched controls were studied.

Correlation of histopathological diagnosis with habits and clinical findings in oral submucous fibrosis.

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis is a common oral health problem in India. This study was conducted to correlate the histopathological diagnosis with habits and clinical findings in patients suffering from oral submucous fibrosis (OSF).

Methods: Patients suffering from oral submucous fibrosis from the Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Pathology, Moti Lal Nehru Medical College, Allahabad, India were studied from 2004-2008.

Spectrum of malignancies in Allahabad, North India: a hospital-based study.

Objective: To study the spectrum of malignancies in the Allahabad region of North India. This was a hospital-based analysis of malignancies from January 1991 to October 2006.

Materials And Methods: The basic information in the cancer registry included data on personal identification, demographic characteristics, diagnosis, primary site and morphology of tumours.

Prevalence of oral pre-malignant and malignant lesions at a tertiary level hospital in Allahabad, India.

Objective: In a previous article, we reported the prevalence rates of oral mucosal lesions in this hospital from 1990-2001. This study was planned to study the spectrum of potentially malignant and malignant oral lesions in Allahabad, North India in the subsequent years till 2007 and to assess change in pattern of prevalence, if any.

Materials And Methods: This is a single institutional retrospective study in and around Allahabad from 1990 to 2007.

The use of an oral brush biopsy without computer-assisted analysis in the evaluation of oral lesions: a study of 94 patients.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of modified brush biopsy without computer-assisted analysis in the detection of oral premalignant and malignant lesions.

Study Design: Ninety-four patients attending outpatient clinics who exhibited oral lesions suspicious of premalignancy or malignancy were enrolled. All patients underwent an oral brush biopsy using a baby toothbrush followed by a scalpel biopsy.