Bacterial Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase, an Emerging Biocatalyst: Insights Into Structure-Function Relationship and Its Biotechnological Applications.

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) enzyme is ubiquitously present in all life forms and plays a variety of roles in diverse organisms. Higher eukaryotes mainly utilize GGT for glutathione degradation, and mammalian GGTs have implications in many physiological disorders also. GGTs from unicellular prokaryotes serve different physiological functions in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

High level extracellular production of recombinant γ-glutamyl transpeptidase from Bacillus licheniformis in Escherichia coli fed-batch culture.

Increasing demand of microbial γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in food and pharmaceutical sectors raised the need for process development for high level production of the enzyme. In this respect, GGT from Bacillus licheniformis ER15 (SBLGGT) was cloned along with its native secretion signal and expressed in E. coli using different expression vectors.

Evolving transpeptidase and hydrolytic variants of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase from Bacillus licheniformis by targeted mutations of conserved residue Arg109 and their biotechnological relevance.

γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) catalyzes the transfer of the γ-glutamyl moiety from donor compounds such as l-glutamine (Gln) and glutathione (GSH) to an acceptor. During the biosynthesis of various γ-glutamyl-containing compounds using GGT enzyme, auto-transpeptidation reaction leads to the formation of unwanted byproducts. Therefore, in order to alter the auto-transpeptidase activity of the GGT enzyme, the binding affinity of Gln should be modified.

Heterologous expression of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase from Bacillus atrophaeus GS-16 and its application in the synthesis of γ-d-glutamyl-l-tryptophan, a known immunomodulatory peptide.

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase from a mesophilic bacterium Bacillus atrophaeus GS-16 (BaGGT) was expressed heterologously in E. coli using pET-51b vector. Maximum production of BaGGT was obtained at 16°C after 16h of IPTG induction and the protein, in its native conformation, was active as a heterooctamer which was composed of four heterodimeric units combined together.

Hyperproduction of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase from Bacillus licheniformis ER15 in the presence of high salt concentration.

Background: Microbial γ-glutamyl transpeptidases (GGTs) have been exploited in biotechnological, pharmaceutical, and food sectors for the synthesis of various γ-glutamyl compounds. But, till date, no bacterial GGTs are commercially available in the market because of lower levels of production from various sources. In the current study, production of GGT from Bacillus licheniformis ER15 was investigated to achieve high GGT titers.

Thermo- and salt-tolerant chitosan cross-linked γ-glutamyl transpeptidase from Bacillus licheniformis ER15.

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase enzyme, from Bacillus licheniformis ER15 (BLGGT), was produced extracellularly using a complex medium with high enzyme titers. Enzyme was concentrated and purified using ultra-filtration and ion exchange chromatography, respectively, with a purification fold of 4.6 and 50.

L-theanine synthesis using γ-glutamyl transpeptidase from Bacillus licheniformis ER-15.

Recombinant γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (rBLGGT) from Bacillus licheniformis ER-15 was purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography. Molecular masses of large and small subunits were 42 and 22 kDa, respectively. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 9.