Site-Selective Zn-Metalation in Poly-Triphenyl Amine-based Porous Organic Polymer for Solid-Gas Phase CO Photoreduction.

Harvesting solar energy to produce value-added chemicals from carbon dioxide (CO) presents a promising route for addressing the complexities of sustainable energy systems and environmental issues. In this context, the development of metal-coordinated porous organic polymers (POPs) offers a vital avenue for improving the photocatalytic performance of organic motifs. The current study presents a metal-integrated photocatalytic system (namely, ) developed via a one-pot Friedel-Crafts (F.

Mitigating the Poisoning Effect of Formate during CO Hydrogenation to Methanol over Co-Containing Dual-Atom Oxide Catalysts.

During the hydrogenation of CO to methanol over mixed-oxide catalysts, the strong adsorption of CO and formate poses a barrier for H dissociation, limiting methanol selectivity and productivity. Here we show that by using Co-containing dual-atom oxide catalysts, the poisoning effect can be countered by separating the site for H dissociation and the adsorption of intermediates. We synthesized a Co- and In-doped ZrO catalyst (Co-In-ZrO) containing atomically dispersed Co and In species.

Induction of plant disease resistance by mixed oligosaccharide elicitors prepared from plant cell wall and crustacean shells.

Basal plant immune responses are activated by the recognition of conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), or breakdown molecules released from the plants after damage by pathogen penetration, so-called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). While chitin-oligosaccharide (CHOS), a primary component of fungal cell walls, is most known as MAMP, plant cell wall-derived oligosaccharides, cello-oligosaccharides (COS) from cellulose, and xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) from hemicellulose are representative DAMPs. In this study, elicitor activities of COS prepared from cotton linters, XOS prepared from corn cobs, and chitin-oligosaccharide (CHOS) from crustacean shells were comparatively investigated.

Size-Dependent Dispersion of Rhodium Clusters into Isolated Single Atoms at Low Temperature and the Consequences for CO Oxidation Activity.

Understanding the dynamic structural evolution of supported metal clusters under reaction conditions is crucial to develop structure reactivity relations. Here, we followed the structure of different size Rh clusters supported on Al O using in situ/operando spectroscopy and ex situ aberration-corrected electron microscopy. We report a dynamic evolution of rhodium clusters into thermally stable isolated single atoms upon exposure to oxygen and during CO oxidation.

Aqueous phase conversion of CO into acetic acid over thermally transformed MIL-88B catalyst.

Sustainable production of acetic acid is a high priority due to its high global manufacturing capacity and numerous applications. Currently, it is predominantly synthesized via carbonylation of methanol, in which both the reactants are fossil-derived. Carbon dioxide transformation into acetic acid is highly desirable to achieve net zero carbon emissions, but significant challenges remain to achieve this efficiently.

Perceptions of and challenges faced by primary healthcare workers about preconception services in rural India: A qualitative study using focus group discussion.

Background: Providing preconception care through healthcare workers at the primary health care level is a crucial intervention to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes, consequently reducing neonatal mortality. Despite the availability of evidence, this window of opportunity remains unaddressed in many countries, including India. The public health care system is primarily accessed by rural and tribal Indian population.

Prevalence of preconception risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome among women from tribal and non-tribal blocks in Nashik district, India: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Although critical, the preconception phase in women's lives is comparatively ignored. The presence of some risk factors during this phase adversely affects the wellbeing of the woman and the pregnancy outcome. The study objectives were to measure the prevalence of various known risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome in the preconception period of women and their comparison between blocks.

Electrocatalytic water oxidation performance in an extended porous organic framework with a covalent alliance of distinct Ru sites.

The rational synthesis of durable, earth-abundant efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) from water is one of the most important routes for storing renewable energy and minimizing fossil fuel combustion. The prime hurdles for effectively utilizing commercial RuO as (OER) electrocatalysts are its very low stability, catalyst deactivation, and high cost. In this work, we explored a Ru-integrated porous organic polymer (Ru@Bpy-POP) by a facile one-pot Friedel-Crafts alkylation strategy between redox-active (Ru(demob)3Cl2) and a carbazole unit, which is composed of unique features including an extended framework unit, isolated active sites, and tunable electrode kinetics.

Meager Perception of Preconception Care Among Women Desiring Pregnancy in Rural Areas: A Qualitative Study Using Focus Group Discussions.

India has the second-highest number of under-five deaths in any country in the world. WHO and the Government of India recommended the rollout of preconception care (PCC) to reduce maternal and child mortality. However, very few countries, including India, have started a comprehensive package of PCC services.

Association between adverse pregnancy outcomes and preceding risk factors: a cross-sectional study from Nashik District, India.

Background: The preconception phase of women's life cycle is critical but comparatively ignored. The presence of health risks is judged as hazardous to the wellbeing of women and their offspring. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of various pregnancy outcomes and assess the association between certain risk factors and adverse outcomes.

Impact of industrial environments on visible light communication.

Visible-light communication is a promising technology for industrial environments. However, a variety of physical effects may influence the communication quality in this potentially harsh environment: Dust and other particles lead to increased attenuation. Artificial light sources and industrial processes, such as grinding and welding, cause optical cross-talk.

Soluble Cello-Oligosaccharides Produced by Carbon-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Cellulose.

Cello-oligosaccharides are biologically important molecules that can elicit a defensive immune response in plants and improve the health of animals. Cellulose, a polymer of glucose linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds, is an ideal feedstock for synthesis of cello-oligosaccharides. However, cello-oligosaccharides rapidly degrade under the conditions used for cellulose hydrolysis.

Interface Engineering of Graphene-Supported Cu Nanoparticles Encapsulated by Mesoporous Silica for Size-Dependent Catalytic Oxidative Coupling of Aromatic Amines.

In this study, graphene nanosheet-supported ultrafine Cu nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated with thin mesoporous silica (Cu-GO@m-SiO) materials are fabricated with particle sizes ranging from 60 to 7.8 nm and are systematically investigated for the oxidative coupling of amines to produce biologically and pharmaceutically important imine derivatives. Catalytic activity remarkably increased from 76.

Knowledge and Skills of Ayurvedic and Homeopathic Practitioners to Provide Skilled Birth Attendance in India: An Observational Study.

Background: To overcome the dearth of trained skilled birth attendants, mainstreaming of doctors from the alternative systems of medicine has been adopted by some states in India.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to explore the adequacy of knowledge and clinical skills of AYUSH practitioners (APs) (ayurvedic and homeopathic) engaged by the state governments to provide maternity care services, with a view to identify gaps if any, and to suggest measures for improvement.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in three states of India (Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Odisha).

Cellulose Depolymerization over Heterogeneous Catalysts.

Cellulosic biomass is the largest source of renewable organic carbon on our planet. Cellulose accounts for 40-50 wt % of this lignocellulose, and it is a feedstock for industrially important chemicals and fuels. The first step in cellulose conversion involves its depolymerization to glucose or to its hydrogenated product sorbitol.

Field Testing of Second Generation of Colour-Coded Rings for Detecting Slow Progress of Labour at Rural Health Centres.

Introduction: An innovative appropriate technological tool of colour-coded rings based on cervicographic principles was developed to monitor deliveries.

Objectives: To study efficacy, feasibility and acceptability of colour-coded rings for monitoring active phase of labour.

Materials And Methods: All consecutive deliveries occurring at selected primary health centres from Pune, Satara and Kolhapur Districts of Maharashtra, during 15 months period were included in the study and matched control groups.

Air Oxidation of Activated Carbon to Synthesize a Biomimetic Catalyst for Hydrolysis of Cellulose.

Oxygenated carbon catalyzes the hydrolysis of cellulose present in lignocellulosic biomass by utilizing the weakly acidic functional groups on its surface. Here we report the synthesis of a biomimetic carbon catalyst by simple and economical air-oxidation of a commercially available activated carbon. Air- oxidation at 450-500 °C introduced 2000-2400 μmol g(-1) of oxygenated functional groups on the material with minor changes in the textural properties.

Hydrolysis of woody biomass by a biomass-derived reusable heterogeneous catalyst.

Biomass is the sole carbon-based renewable resource for sustaining the chemical and fuel demands of our future. Lignocellulose, the primary constituent of terrestrial plants, is the most abundant non-food biomass, and its utilisation is a grand challenge in biorefineries. Here we report the first reusable and cost-effective heterogeneous catalyst for the depolymerisation of lignocellulose.

Direct Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural via Catalytic Conversion of Simple and Complex Sugars over Phosphated TiO2.

A water-THF biphasic system containing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was found to enable the efficient synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from a variety of sugars (simple to complex) using phosphated TiO2 as a catalyst. Fructose and glucose were selectively converted to HMF resulting in 98 % and 90 % yield, respectively, at 175 °C. Cellobiose and sucrose also gave rise to high HMF yields of 94 % and 98 %, respectively, at 180 °C.

Feasibility of using partograph by practitioners of Indian system of medicine (AYUSH): An exploratory observation.

Objective: to understand the use of the partograph by Skilled Birth Attendance/Basic Emergency Obstetric Care (SBA/BEmOC) trained practitioners from Indian systems of medicine called AYUSH practitioners (APs).

Design: mixed method observational study, including an exploration of the views of APs, programme managers and SBA trainers on the necessity, feasibility and barriers to the use of partograph.

Setting: primary and community health centres in two purposively selected districts in each of the three states (Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Odisha) in India where SBA/BEmOC trained APs are deployed to provide SBA services.

Task-shifting challenges for provision of skilled birth attendance: a qualitative exploration.

Background: Shortage of skilled birth attendants (SBA) is one of the determinants of maternal mortality in India. To combat this shortage, innovative task-shifting strategies to engage providers of the Indian system of medicine (Ayurveda and Homeopathy), called AYUSH practitioners (AP), to provide SBA services is being implemented.

Methods: Engagement of APs for SBA service provision was assessed in 3 states of India (Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Odisha) through 73 in-depth interviews (37 with APs and 36 with programme managers).

Feasibility of use of color-coded rings by nurse midwives: an appropriate technology based on partographic principles.

Objectives: To study the feasibility of use of color-coded rings as a proxy for partograph for early identification of slow progress of labor.

Materials And Methods: Color-coded rings were devised as a tool using appropriate technology to translate the partographic principles into simpler, easy to understand methodology. The rings were in pairs of 4 colors i.

Stepwise pore size reduction of ordered nanoporous silica materials at angstrom precision.

A facile vacuum-assisted vapor deposition process has been developed to control the pore size of ordered mesoporous silica materials in a stepwise manner with angstrom precision, providing an unprecedented paradigm for screening a designer hydrophobic drug nanocarrier with optimized pore diameter to maximize drug solubility.