Application of Gagné's Instructional Design in Clinical Simulation: Enhancing Learning in Obstetric Emergency Management.

Introduction: Simulation-based learning is a critical component in medical education, particularly for high-risk scenarios like obstetric emergencies. This study utilized Gagné's nine-step instructional model to design and evaluate a clinical simulation session on postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) management for fourth-year medical students.

Methods: The session was structured using Gagné's instructional events, including engaging case vignettes, multimedia presentations, guided practical activities, and immediate feedback.