Publications by authors named "Shriya S Srinivasan"

The emerging field of cancer neuroscience reshapes our understanding of the intricate relationship between the nervous system and cancer biology; this new paradigm is likely to fundamentally change and advance neuro-oncological care. The profound interplay between cancers and the nervous system is reciprocal: Cancer growth can be induced and regulated by the nervous system; conversely, tumors can themselves alter the nervous system. Such crosstalk between cancer cells and the nervous system is evident in both the peripheral and central nervous systems.

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  • The agonist-antagonist myoneural interface (AMI) is a type of amputation surgery that aims to maintain the natural signaling processes between the central and peripheral nervous systems.
  • A study by Srinivasan et al. (2020) used neuroimaging to observe the neural activity of AMI subjects and found notable proprioceptive feedback signals to the brain.
  • The research indicates that AMI surgery leads to changes in brain connectivity that differ from traditional amputations, suggesting potential benefits for neurorehabilitation and prosthetic development.
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  • Chemotherapy dosing traditionally relies on patient weight and height, which often leads to significant variations in drug levels, potentially causing under- or overdosing.
  • A new closed-loop drug delivery system, known as CLAUDIA, can automatically adjust drug infusion rates to maintain target drug concentrations in patients, regardless of their individual pharmacokinetics.
  • Tests showed that CLAUDIA effectively kept the concentration of 5-fluorouracil within range, unlike conventional BSA-based dosing, and is also more cost-effective, with potential for rapid clinical implementation.
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  • Postoperative ileus (POI) often causes extended hospital stays after abdominal surgery due to digestive tract paralysis, leading to symptoms like constipation and vomiting.
  • Currently, treatments for POI are mainly supportive and not very effective, prompting the development of a new device called INSPIRE, which is an ingestible and self-propelling device designed to stimulate intestinal movement.
  • In tests on swine models, the INSPIRE device significantly improved intestinal motility, with a 44% increase in normal cases and a 140% improvement in chemically induced ileus, drastically reducing the average passage time from 8.6 days to 2.5 days, making it a promising noninvasive treatment option for motility disorders.
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Effective therapies for obesity require invasive surgical and endoscopic interventions or high patient adherence, making it challenging for patients with obesity to effectively manage their disease. Gastric mechanoreceptors sense distension of the stomach and perform volume-dependent vagal signaling to initiate the gastric phase and influence satiety. In this study, we developed a new luminal stimulation modality to specifically activate these gastric stretch receptors to elicit a vagal afferent response commensurate with mechanical distension.

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Localization and tracking of ingestible microdevices in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is valuable for the diagnosis and treatment of GI disorders. Such systems require a large field-of-view of tracking, high spatiotemporal resolution, wirelessly operated microdevices and a non-obstructive field generator that is safe to use in practical settings. However, the capabilities of current systems remain limited.

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Effective therapies for obesity either require invasive surgical or endoscopic interventions or high patient adherence, making it challenging for the nearly 42% of American adults who suffer from obesity to effectively manage their disease. Gastric mechanoreceptors sense distension of the stomach and perform volume-dependent vagal signaling to initiate the gastric phase and influence satiety. In this study, we developed a new luminal stimulation modality to specifically activate these gastric stretch receptors to elicit a vagal afferent response commensurate with mechanical distension.

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  • Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) has potential benefits for nerve repair and organ stimulation, but challenges like surgical placement and lead migration hinder its clinical use.
  • The researchers developed adaptive, conductive, and electrotherapeutic scaffolds (ACESs), made from a hydrogel that supports both traditional and minimally invasive surgical techniques.
  • In studies with rodents and pigs, ACESs showed significant improvements in nerve recovery and muscle health, along with easier lead removal, paving the way for effective therapeutic PNS applications.
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  • Oral drug delivery of proteins usually requires injections due to poor absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and mucus barriers.
  • The RoboCap is a robotic capsule designed to clear mucus and mix contents in the small intestine to improve drug absorption.
  • In studies with swine models, RoboCap significantly enhanced the absorption of vancomycin and insulin, demonstrating its potential for effective oral delivery of traditionally difficult-to-absorb medications.
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Background: Elucidating underlying mechanisms in subject-specific motor control and perception after amputation could guide development of advanced surgical and neuroprosthetic technologies. In this study, relationships between preserved agonist-antagonist muscle strain within the residual limb and preserved motor control and perception capacity are investigated.

Methods: Fourteen persons with unilateral transtibial amputations spanning a range of ages, etiologies, and surgical procedures underwent evaluations involving free-space mirrored motions of their lower limbs.

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  • * The new device utilizes knotted pressure sensors made with liquid metal-infused silicone, mimicking ancient Andean quipu for data transmission.
  • * Testing showed that the device's performance is comparable to commercial manometers, potentially making GI motility assessment more accessible in resource-limited environments.
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Implantable and ingestible biomedical electronic devices can be useful tools for detecting physiological and pathophysiological signals, and providing treatments that cannot be done externally. However, one major challenge in the development of these devices is the limited lifetime of their power sources. The state-of-the-art of powering technologies for implantable and ingestible electronics is reviewed here.

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Healthcare innovation is impeded by high costs, the need for diverse skillsets, and complex regulatory processes. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed critical gaps in the current framework, especially those lying at the boundary between cutting-edge academic research and industry-scale manufacturing and production. While many resource-rich geographies were equipped with the required expertise to solve challenges posed by the pandemic, mechanisms to unite the appropriate institutions and scale up, fund, and mobilize solutions at a time-scale relevant to the emergency were lacking.

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Despite advancements in prosthetic technologies, patients with amputation today suffer great diminution in mobility and quality of life. We have developed a modified below-knee amputation (BKA) procedure that incorporates agonist-antagonist myoneural interfaces (AMIs), which surgically preserve and couple agonist-antagonist muscle pairs for the subtalar and ankle joints. AMIs are designed to restore physiological neuromuscular dynamics, enable bidirectional neural signaling, and offer greater neuroprosthetic controllability compared to traditional amputation techniques.

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Amputation destroys sensory end organs and does not provide an anatomical interface for cutaneous neuroprosthetic feedback. Here, we report the design and a biomechanical and electrophysiological evaluation of the cutaneous mechanoneural interface consisting of an afferent neural system that comprises a muscle actuator coupled to a natively pedicled skin flap in a cuff-like architecture. Muscle is actuated through electrical stimulation to induce strains or oscillatory vibrations on the skin flap that are proportional to a desired contact duration or contact pressure.

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The brain undergoes marked changes in function and functional connectivity after limb amputation. The agonist-antagonist myoneural interface (AMI) amputation is a procedure that restores physiological agonist-antagonist muscle relationships responsible for proprioceptive sensory feedback to enable greater motor control. We compared results from the functional neuroimaging of individuals ( = 29) with AMI amputation, traditional amputation, and no amputation.

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The field of electroceuticals has attracted considerable attention over the past few decades as a novel therapeutic modality. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract (GIT) holds significant potential as a target for electroceuticals as the intersection of neural, endocrine, and immune systems. We review recent developments in electrical stimulation of various portions of the GIT (including esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestine) and nerves projecting to the GIT and supportive organs.

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Strategies to split ventilators to support multiple patients requiring ventilatory support have been proposed and used in emergency cases in which shortages of ventilators cannot otherwise be remedied by production or procurement strategies. However, the current approaches to ventilator sharing lack the ability to individualize ventilation to each patient, measure pulmonary mechanics, and accommodate rebalancing of the airflow when one patient improves or deteriorates, posing safety concerns to patients. Potential cross-contamination, lack of alarms, insufficient monitoring, and inability to adapt to sudden changes in patient status have prevented widespread acceptance of ventilator sharing.

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Background: Traditional approaches to amputation are not capable of reproducing the dynamic muscle relationships that are essential for proprioceptive sensation and joint control. In this study, the authors present two caprine models of the agonist-antagonist myoneural interface (AMI), a surgical approach designed to improve bidirectional neural control of a bionic limb. The key advancement of the AMI is the surgical coaptation of natively innervated agonist-antagonist muscle pairs within the residual limb.

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Background: The agonist-antagonist myoneural interface (AMI) comprises a surgical construct and neural control architecture designed to serve as a bidirectional interface, capable of reflecting proprioceptive sensation of prosthetic joint position, speed, and torque from and advanced limb prosthesis onto the central nervous system. The AMI surgical procedure has previously been vetted in animal models; we here present the surgical results of its translation to human subjects.

Methods: Modified unilateral below knee amputations were performed in the elective setting in 3 human subjects between July 2016 and April 2017.

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