Looking Beyond the Growth Curve: A Retrospective Study on Nutrient Deficient Diets in Children with Severe Food Selectivity.

Severe food selectivity places children at risk for nutrient deficiencies and long-term medical complications, if unaddressed. However, poor nutrition in highly selective eaters is often overlooked when considering other behavioral or medical concerns. Additionally, studies regarding food selectivity are sparse and limited to children with developmental delays.

A confirmed case of agranulocytosis after use of cocaine contaminated with levamisole.

More than 2 million Americans use cocaine each month (National Survey on Drug Use and Health, Department of Health and Human Services: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) & Office of Applied Studies (OAS), Rockville, MD 2007). Starting in early 2003, South American cocaine cartels began to add levamisole, a pharmaceutical agent, to bulk cocaine prior to shipment to the USA (Valentino and Fuentecilla 2005). A dramatic increase in the prevalence of levamisole in cocaine was noted in early 2008.

A conceptual model for growing evidence-based practice.

Nursing administration at a small medical center is developing and implementing an evidence-based practice (EBP) model of care to support a culture of quality care, clinical excellence, cost-effectiveness, critical thinking, empowerment of staff, and professional growth. The purpose of this article is to describe a conceptual model for EBP that addresses how to overcome barriers to implementation. Clinician expertise and values, experience, patient preference and expectation, and caring become grounded in a practice environment that must strive to become rooted in clinical research to evolve into a practice that is evidence-based.

A genetic reporter of thermal stress defines physiologic zones over a defined temperature range.

We define five unique cellular responses to thermal stress using a reporter construct generated using the stress-inducible promoter from the gene encoding a murine 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70A.1) to express luciferase (luc). Thermal stress was delivered over a range of temperatures (42-68 degrees C) for 5 s to 20 min and luciferase activity was measured in live cells using a cooled CCD camera as a measure of reporter gene transcription.

New SO(2) Iron-Containing Cluster Compounds [PPN](2)[Fe(3)(CO)(9)(&mgr;(3),eta(2)-SO(2))], [PPN](2)[Fe(3)(CO)(8)(&mgr;-SO(2))&mgr;(3)-S], [PPN](2)[Fe(3)(CO)(8)(&mgr;-SO(2))(&mgr;(3)-CCO)], and [PPN](2)[Fe(2)(CO)(6)(&mgr;-SO(2))(2)] from Heterometal Precursors.

Sulfur dioxide reacts with [PPN](2)[MFe(3)(CO)(14)] (M = Cr, Mo, W) (PPN = bistriphenylphosphonium iminium) to produce [PPN](2)[Fe(3)(CO)(9)(&mgr;(3),eta(2)-SO(2))] (I) and [PPN](2)[Fe(3)(CO)(8)(&mgr;-SO(2))&mgr;(3)-S] (II), which were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, (13)C NMR, and X-ray crystallography. Further reaction of I with sulfur dioxide results in the formation of II in 48% yield. Reaction of SO(2) with [PPN](2)[Fe(4)(CO)(13)] yields [PPN](2)[Fe(2)(CO)(6)(&mgr;-SO(2))(2)] (III) which was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, (13)C NMR, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography.

Substitution and Redox Chemistry of [Bu(4)N](2)[Ta(6)Cl(12)(OSO(2)CF(3))(6)].

Two sequential electrochemical reductions occur for the cluster anion [Ta(6)Cl(12)(OSO(2)CF(3))(6)](2)(-) at 0.89 and 0.29 V vs Ag/AgCl, with the generation [Ta(6)Cl(12)(OSO(2)CF(3))(6)](3)(-) and [Ta(6)Cl(12)(OSO(2)CF(3))(6)](4)(-).

Reactions of Triosmium Carbonyl Clusters with Thionylaniline. Crystal Structures of Os(3)(CO)(9)(&mgr;(3)-NPh)(&mgr;(3)-S), Os(3)(CO)(9)(&mgr;(3)-eta(2)-(PhN)(2)SO)(&mgr;(3)-S), and Os(3)(CO)(8)(NCMe)(&mgr;(3)-NPh)(&mgr;(3)-S).

Reaction of Os(3)(CO)(12) with thionylaniline (PhN=S=O) in refluxing methylcyclohexane produces Os(3)(CO)(9)(&mgr;(3)-NPh)(&mgr;(3)-S) (1) in good yield. When Os(3)(CO)(10)(NCMe)(2) is treated with PhN=S=O at room temperature, compound 1 and Os(3)(CO)(9)(&mgr;(3)-eta(2)-(PhN)(2)SO)(&mgr;(3)-S) (2) result. Compound 1 reacts with trimethylamine oxide in the presence of acetonitrile to give Os(3)(CO)(8)(NCMe)(&mgr;(3)-NPh)(&mgr;(3)-S) (3).

Preparation and substitution chemistry of [Bu4N]2[W6Cl8(p-OSO2C6H4CH3)6]. A useful precursor for pseudohalide, acetate, and organometallic complexes containing the [W6Cl8](4+) core.

The tosylate (p-toluenesulfonate) cluster [Bu4N]2[W6Cl8(p-OSO2C6H4CH3)6] (1) has been prepared and characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and an X-ray crystal structure. This cluster complex is shown to be a useful starting material for the preparation of pseudohalide clusters, [Bu4N]2[W6Cl8(NCQ)6] (Q = O (2), S (3), and Se (4)), in high yields. Cluster 1 also serves as a precursor to the new cluster compounds: [Bu4N]2[W6Cl8(O2CCH3)6] (5), [Bu4N]2[W6Cl8((mu-NC)Mn(CO)2(C5H5))6] (6), [W6Cl8((mu-NC)Ru(PPh3)2(C5H5))6][ p-OSO2C6H4CH3]4 (7), and [W6Cl8((mu-NC)Os(PPh3)2(C5H5))6][ p-OSO2C6H4CH3]4 (8).

Synthesis and characterization of a polycarbon organometallic cluster, [PPN]2[Fe6(CO)18C4].

The polycarbon metal cluster [Fe6(CO)18C4]2- is formed by the reaction of CF3SO3SO2CF3 with [Fe3(CO)9(CCO)]2-. Apparently, the SO2CF3 moiety abstracts an oxygen from the ketenylidene (CCO) ligand and C-C coupling occurs to form the C4 ligand. A single-crystal X-ray structure determination reveals that the pattern of C-C bond lengths of the C4 ligand in [Fe6(CO)18C4]2- mimic those in free butadiene.

Synthesis, characterization, and substitution chemistry of [Bu4N]2[W6Cl8(OSO2CF3)6]. A versatile precursor for axially substituted clusters containing the (W6Cl8)4+ core.

The new cluster [Bu4N]2[W6Cl8(OSO2CF3)6] (1) has been prepared and structurally characterized. This material is an effective precursor for the generation of cluster ions with the general formula [W6C18L6]n (L = Cl-, Br-, I-, NCS-, NCO-, NCSe-, and O=PPh3; n = 2- or 4+). The last three clusters are new.

Maternal immunization with the capsular polysaccharide vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae type b.

Maternal immunization with the capsular polysaccharide (PRP) vaccine of Haemophilus influenzae type b has been shown to extend the time that protective levels of maternal antibody are detected in infants. In a randomized, blinded trial, PRP or placebo was administered uneventfully to 213 women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Infants born to PRP recipients had significantly higher levels of antibody to PRP than did infants born to placebo recipients: 2.

Oral KCl dietary supplement extends survivability of dogs with Heidenhain pouch gastric fistulas.

Supplementing the food of Heidenhain pouch gastric fistula dogs with a KC1 product greatly extends the survivability of these dogs. Since there is a continuous discharge of gastric juice from the pouch to the exterior each time a meal is consumed, clinical signs such as dehydration, anorexia, rough hair coat and lethargy usually occur within a few months after gastric pouch surgery and, unless extensive supportive measures are taken, most dogs will die shortly thereafter. The five dogs which did not receive KC1 supplementation died within 6 months after surgery with a mean survival time of 2.

Rioprostil heals pre-existing aspirin-induced gastric lesions in dogs during daily aspirin administration without altering the anti-inflammatory or analgesic efficacy of aspirin.

Rioprostil (3-100 micrograms/kg/day p.o.), but not cimetidine (30 mg/kg/day p.

Slow release delivery of rioprostil by an osmotic pump inhibits the formation of acute aspirin-induced gastric lesions in dogs and accelerates the healing of chronic lesions without incidence of side effects.

Rioprostil, a primary alcohol prostaglandin E1 analog, inhibits gastric acid secretion and prevents gastric lesions induced by a variety of irritants in experimental animals. Because rioprostil is relatively short-acting, it would be of significant benefit clinically if its duration of action could be extended to allow once daily dosing. This investigation demonstrates that when administered via an osmotically driven pump (Osmet, Alza Corp.

Gastric antisecretory and antigastrolesive pharmacology of rioprostil.

Rioprostil, a primary alcohol prostaglandin E1 analogue, inhibits gastric acid secretion, both in vivo and in vitro, and prevents the formation of experimentally-induced gastric lesions in rats and dogs. In vitro experimental evidence suggests that the mechanism of the gastric antisecretory activity of rioprostil involves inhibition of the membrane bound histamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase. In vivo, rioprostil inhibits gastric acid secretion in 4-h pylorus-ligated rats, in gastric fistula dogs stimulated by betazole, tetragastrin, bethanechol, or 2-deoxy-D-glucose, and in Heidenhain pouch dogs stimulated by food.

Rioprostil prevents aspirin-induced fecal blood loss in dogs. Correlation of Hemoquant (Hb) with endoscopic findings.

Rioprostil, a primary alcohol prostaglandin E1 analog, prevents gastric lesion formation induced by a variety of irritants, including aspirin, in rats and dogs. In the present study, rioprostil reduced both gastric lesion formation and fecal blood loss in dogs caused by daily aspirin administration (1,950 mg/day) for 3 consecutive days. A gastric antisecretory dose of 100 micrograms/kg p.

Synthesis of (aryloxy)alkylamines. 1. Novel antisecretory agents with H+K+-ATPase inhibitory activity.

A series of heterocyclic (aryloxy)alkylamines of structures II and III were prepared and found to possess gastric antisecretory activity. Of the variety of substituted thiazoles, benzoxazoles, and benzothiazoles prepared, thiazole 18, benzoxazole 32, and benzothiazole 47 exhibited gastric antisecretory potency comparable to that of ranitidine in vivo in the pylorous ligated rat model. In an isolated rabbit parietal system, the series of thiazoles, benzoxazoles, and benzothiazoles also demonstrated similar potency to that of ranitidine toward the inhibition of both histamine-stimulated and dcAMP-stimulated uptake of amino[14C]pyrine.

Use of a five-day test to predict the long-term effects of gastric antisecretory agents on serum gastrin in rats.

It has been hypothesized that prolonged achlorhydria causes compensatory elevation of serum gastrin, and that there is an association in rats between sustained hypergastrinemia, hyperplasia of gastric enterochromaffin-like cells, and subsequent formation of gastric carcinoids in 2-year carcinogenicity studies. The present study examined whether daily administration of gastric antisecretory drugs in rats for 4 days could cause hypergastrinemia associated with inhibition of acid output. Rats were dosed orally for 4 days with the histamine H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine or the H+,K+-sensitive ATPase inhibitor omeprazole, and examined on day 5 for effects on gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin.

Antisecretory and antigastrin effects of rioprostil in gastric fistula dogs.

This investigation examined the effect of rioprostil, a primary alcohol prostaglandin E1 analog, on betazole-stimulated gastric acid secretion and on basal and food-stimulated (postprandial) serum gastrin levels in gastric fistula dogs. Rioprostil inhibited betazole-stimulated gastric acid secretion with an ED50 of 16 (10-24) micrograms/kg, intragastrically. A near-maximal gastric antisecretory dose (100 micrograms/kg, intragastrically) had no effect on basal serum gastrin levels but significantly attenuated the rapid rise in serum gastrin which follows feeding, a result different from that reported for other prostaglandin E1 analogs.

Altered susceptibility of arthritic rats to the gastric lesion-inducing effects of aspirin or ethanol and the antilesion effect of rioprostil.

It is well known that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents produce gastric mucosal lesions in both laboratory animals and man. However, the effect of an arthritic condition on their susceptibility to ulcerogenic agents and on the efficacy of antiulcer agents is less definitive. As a model to explore these questions, the effect of oral administration of aspirin or ethanol on gastric lesion formation was examined in rats with or without established adjuvant-induced polyarthritis.

Antigastrolesive, gastric antisecretory, diarrheagenic and mucus-stimulating effects in rats following topically applied rioprostil, a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog.

Prostaglandins may have many biological actions including hypotensive and antipeptic ulcer activity. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if the primary alcohol prostaglandin E1 analog rioprostil1 prevents ethanol-induced gastric lesions (antigastrolesive activity), inhibits gastric acid secretion (antisecretory activity), or causes diarrhea in rats when administered topically, and to compare these responses to the effect of rioprostil following enteral (oral or intraduodenal) administration. Rioprostil exhibited antigastrolesive activity in rats when administered either orally or when applied topically.