The dopant (n- and p-type)-, band gap-, size- and stress-dependent field electron emission of silicon nanowires.

This study investigates the electron field emission (EFE) of vertical silicon nanowires (Si NWs) fabricated on n-type Si (100) and p-type Si (100) substrates using catalyst-induced etching (CIE). The impact of dopant types (n- and p-types), optical energy gap, crystallite size and stress on EFE parameters has been explored in detail. The surface morphology of grown SiNWs has been characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), showing vertical, well aligned SiNWs.

The mental health of adolescent girls from a tribal region of Central Rural India during the COVID-19 pandemic - A cross-sectional study to determine the role of gender disadvantage.

Objectives: The mental health of adolescent girls in countries of South Asia is related to several social and cultural factors including gender disadvantage, especially in low resource settings such as tribal areas. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased this vulnerability even further. This study assesses the association of gender disadvantage with psychological distress among adolescent girls residing in a tribal area of India and examines the role of resilience.

Gender Transformative Interventions for Perinatal Mental Health in Low and Middle Income Countries-A Scoping Review.

Perinatal mental health problems are linked to poor outcomes for mothers, babies and families. In the context of Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC), a leading risk factor is gender disparity. Addressing gender disparity, by involving fathers, mothers in law and other family members can significantly improve perinatal and maternal healthcare, including risk factors for poor perinatal mental health such as domestic violence and poor social support.

Revisiting Drug Development Against the Neglected Tropical Disease, Amebiasis.

Amebiasis is a neglected tropical disease which is caused by the protozoan parasite . This disease is one of the leading causes of diarrhea globally, affecting largely impoverished residents in developing countries. Amebiasis also remains one of the top causes of gastrointestinal diseases in returning international travellers.

Correction: Validation of near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) probes in vivo with dual laser NIRF endoscope.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation for acute liver failure.

Introduction: Auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation (APOLT) in acute liver failure acts as a bridge to native liver regeneration with potential for immunosuppression free survival. While technical concerns limit its universal acceptance, the indications in acute liver failure also need to be examined for this procedure to ultimately succeed.

Case History: We present the case of an eight-month-old girl with cryptogenic acute liver failure who underwent APOLT.

Validation of near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) probes in vivo with dual laser NIRF endoscope.

Purpose: The development of NIRF cathepsin activity probes offered the ability to visualize tumor associated tumor reaction and act as a surrogate marker to delineate the dysplastic lesions. One major type is a NIRF substrate of cathepsins (SBP), which is involved in catalytic way to produce high levels of fluorescence emission. The other major type (ABP) reacts with active cathepsins in stoichiometric manner since they bind covalently with their active center.

Effect of surface treatments on the retention of implant-supported cement-retained bridge with short abutments: An comparative evaluation.

Statement Of Problem: In clinical situations, short implant abutments create lack of retention with overlying cemented prosthesis.

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of different surface treatments on the retention of implant-supported cement-retained bridge with short implant abutments.

Materials And Methods: Six straight Adin implant abutments of similar sizes (3 mm diameter × 3 mm height) were selected.

Chest Pain Risk Scores Can Reduce Emergent Cardiac Imaging Test Needs With Low Major Adverse Cardiac Events Occurrence in an Emergency Department Observation Unit.

Objective: To compare and evaluate the performance of the HEART, Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE), and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) scores to predict major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rates after index placement in an emergency department observation unit (EDOU) and to determine the need for observation unit initiation of emergent cardiac imaging tests, that is, noninvasive cardiac stress tests and invasive coronary angiography.

Methods: A prospective observational single center study was conducted from January 2014 through June 2015. EDOU chest pain patients were included.

Role of continuous glucose monitoring for type 2 in diabetes management and research.

The advent of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is a significant stride forward in our ability to better understand the glycemic status of our patients. Current clinical practice employs two forms of CGM: professional (retrospective or "masked") and personal (real-time) to evaluate and/or monitor glycemic control. Most studies using professional and personal CGM have been done in those with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Safety of Live Liver Donation by Individuals With G6PD Deficiency: Initial Results and Comparative Study.

Background: G6PD deficiency (G6PDd) is the commonest genetic enzyme defect in the world. However, baring a single case report, there is no published literature regarding the safety of donor hepatectomy in G6PDd individuals.

Methods: Potential donors with World Health Organization class III or class IV G6PDd without evidence of hemolysis were evaluated for donation, if there was no other suitable donor.

Zileuton, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, acts as a chemopreventive agent in intestinal polyposis, by modulating polyp and systemic inflammation.

Purpose: Leukotrienes and prostaglandins, products of arachidonic acid metabolism, sustain both systemic and lesion-localized inflammation. Tumor-associated Inflammation can also contribute to the pathogenesis of colon cancer. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have increased risk of developing colon cancer.

DNA-PK phosphorylation of RPA32 Ser4/Ser8 regulates replication stress checkpoint activation, fork restart, homologous recombination and mitotic catastrophe.

Genotoxins and other factors cause replication stress that activate the DNA damage response (DDR), comprising checkpoint and repair systems. The DDR suppresses cancer by promoting genome stability, and it regulates tumor resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. Three members of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family, ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK, are important DDR proteins.

Patient experience with a novel patch-like external loop recorder for cardiac arrhythmia detection in India.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is reaching pandemic proportions in India. The effects of CVD are disastrous for the Indian economy as the disease strikes in the prime working ages of the labor force. The great need for therapeutic and diagnostic options combined with pressure on cost containment place emphasis on the development of low cost, credible, point of care diagnostic tools to pinpoint issues in cardiac health for the Indian consumer.

Pilot evaluation of an integrated monitor-adhesive patch for long-term cardiac arrhythmia detection in India.

Electrocardiographic monitoring represents one of the most reliable and time-tested methods for reducing ambiguity in cardiac arrhythmia diagnosis. In India, the resting ECG is generally the first tool of choice for in-clinic diagnosis. The external loop recorder (ELR) is another useful tool that compounds the advantages of traditional tools by coupling ambulatory monitoring with a long-term window.

Nucleic Acid sensors and type I interferon production in systemic lupus erythematosus.

The characteristic serologic feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is autoantibodies against one's own nucleic acid or nucleic acid-binding proteins - DNA and RNA-binding nuclear proteins. Circulating autoantibodies can deposit in the tissue, causing inflammation and production of cytokines such as type 1 interferon (IFN). Investigations in human patients and animal models have implicated environmental as well as genetic factors in the biology of the SLE autoimmune response.

Patient selection for ambulatory cardiac monitoring in the Indian healthcare environment.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in India comprises the bulk of non-communicable diseases, resulting in 2 million deaths per year. The incidence of CVD in India is estimated to be up to four times higher than in other countries. Though the quantification of the prevalence of rhythm disorders in India is not available, it can be inferred to be proportionately high.

ATM inhibitor KU-55933 increases the TMZ responsiveness of only inherently TMZ sensitive GBM cells.

Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase is critical in sensing and repairing DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) such as those induced by temozolomide (TMZ). ATM deficiency increases TMZ sensitivity, which suggests that ATM inhibitors may be effective TMZ sensitizing agents. In this study, the TMZ sensitizing effects of 2 ATM specific inhibitors were studied in established and xenograft-derived glioblastoma (GBM) lines that are inherently sensitive to TMZ and derivative TMZ-resistant lines.

Distinct roles for DNA-PK, ATM and ATR in RPA phosphorylation and checkpoint activation in response to replication stress.

DNA damage encountered by DNA replication forks poses risks of genome destabilization, a precursor to carcinogenesis. Damage checkpoint systems cause cell cycle arrest, promote repair and induce programed cell death when damage is severe. Checkpoints are critical parts of the DNA damage response network that act to suppress cancer.

The design and use of an optical mapping system for the study of intracardiac electrical signaling.

Fluorescent optical mapping of electrically active cardiac tissues provides a unique method to examine the excitation wave dynamics of underlying action potentials. Such mapping can be viewed as a bridge between cellular level and organ systems physiology, e.g.

Snack consumption among underprivileged adolescent girl.

We conducted this school based cross-sectional study to assess the snack consumption pattern of 702 adolescent girls (11-14 years) in nine government schools selected from three districts of Delhi. The results indicated high preference for snacks. Parents and teachers were identified as the most influential factors determining their food choices.

Non-Ca2+-conducting Ca2+ channels in fish skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling.

During skeletal muscle excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, membrane depolarizations activate the sarcolemmal voltage-gated L-type Ca(2+) channel (Ca(V)1.1). Ca(V)1.

Spinal cord stimulation for complex regional pain syndrome.

The therapy of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is based on producing an electrical field on the dorsal surface of the spinal cord that blocks only neuropathic pain (ie, pain from damage to the nervous system). Most SCS devices deliver a biphasic pulse consisting of a pair of equal amplitude pulses with opposite polarity. SCS therapy is based on the gate control theory of pain and has been used for the treatment of diverse conditions of neuropathic pain, including complex regional pain syndromes (CRPS).

An interactive graphical user interface for comprehensive analysis of human and swine cardiac monophasic action potential.

This research describes a novel monophasic action potential (MAP) annotation algorithm coupled with an interactive graphical user interface (GUI). This algorithm incorporates a number of features to reduce error. Additionally, the GUI has several convenient features to view and manipulate the annotation visually.