Micronutrient dose response (MiNDR) study among women of reproductive age and pregnant women in rural Bangladesh: study protocol for double-blind, randomised, controlled trials.

Introduction: Optimising the micronutrient status of women before and during reproduction confers benefits to them and their offspring. Antenatal multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS), given as a daily tablet with nutrients at ~1 recommended dietary allowance (RDA) or adequate intake (AI) reduces adverse birth outcomes. However, at this dosage, MMS may not fully address micronutrient deficiencies in settings with chronically inadequate diets and infection.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Our studies show that the small non-coding RNA, mir20a-3p, is neuroprotective for stroke in the acute phase and also attenuates long term cognitive decline in middle-aged female rats. Cognitive decline due to vascular diseases, such as stroke, is associated with secondary neurodegeneration in cortex and limbic structures. In this study, we assessed the volume of white matter, ventricles and regional diffusion-weighted MR imaging measures to delineate pathological tissue characteristics from the postmortem brain of stroke rats.

Quantum Turnstiles for Robust Measurement of Full Counting Statistics.

We present a scalable protocol for measuring full counting statistics (FCS) in experiments or tensor-network simulations. In this method, an ancilla in the middle of the system acts as a turnstile, with its phase keeping track of the time-integrated particle flux. Unlike quantum gas microscopy, the turnstile protocol faithfully captures FCS starting from number-indefinite initial states or in the presence of noisy dynamics.

Antivenom ineffectiveness in Echis carinatus sochureki envenoming: a five-year, single-centre experience from India.

Background: Snakebite is a neglected tropical disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality in India. In this study, we describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of Echis carinatus sochureki envenoming from Western Rajasthan. We document the clinical ineffectiveness of the currently available Indian polyvalent antivenom in managing E.

Management of mucogingival defect following excision of multiple gingival squamous cell papillomas using VISTA - A case report with 24 months follow-up.

Oral squamous cell papilloma is a benign proliferation of the stratified squamous epithelium, associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV). The clinical manifestation includes papillary or verrucous exophytic mass. Complete excision of the lesion, including normal margins, followed by histopathological examination is the treatment of choice.

Development of a Sensitive and Reliable Meso Scale Discovery-Based Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay to Quantify TDP-43 in Human Biofluids.

Transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is a major component of pathological inclusions in various neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. The detection of TDP-43 in biofluids is crucial for the development of diagnostic and prognostic indicators of disease and therapeutic development for TDP-43-related proteinopathies. Despite its potential as a biomarker for numerous neurological disorders, the lack of a sensitive and reproducible TDP-43 assay hinders progress in TDP-43-based therapy development, underscoring the need for an effective and standardized method for accurate quantification.

Comparative effectiveness of olodaterol/tiotropium and vilanterol/umeclidinium among COPD patients: a high-dimensional propensity score matched new user cohort study in a US Medicare population.

Background: Two long-acting muscarinic antagonist inhaler fixed dose combinations (olodaterol/tiotropium (OLO/TIO) and vilanterol/umeclidinium (VI/UMEC)) have once-a-day dosing for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to compare clinical effectiveness of these inhalers in terms of ability to prevent severe COPD exacerbations in a United States Medicare population.

Research Design And Methods: Using nationally representative Medicare data (2013-2019), we employed a new user, active comparator design among beneficiaries aged 65 years and older with COPD.

Biogenesis and functional implications of extracellular vesicles in cancer metastasis.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in the complex process of cancer metastasis by facilitating cellular communication and influencing the microenvironment to promote the spread and establishment of cancer cells in distant locations. This paper explores the process of EV biogenesis, explaining their various sources that range from endosomal compartments to plasma membrane shedding. It also discusses the complex mechanisms that control the sorting of cargo within EVs, determining their chemical makeup.

Reliability of high-quantity human brain organoids for modeling microcephaly, glioma invasion and drug screening.

Brain organoids offer unprecedented insights into brain development and disease modeling and hold promise for drug screening. Significant hindrances, however, are morphological and cellular heterogeneity, inter-organoid size differences, cellular stress, and poor reproducibility. Here, we describe a method that reproducibly generates thousands of organoids across multiple hiPSC lines.

Late-onset aortic regurgitation after device closure of atrial septal defect.

A 10-year-old girl underwent successful device closure of a 15-mm atrial septal defect with a short and thick retroaortic rim using a 16-mm atrial septal occluder from the conventional approach under transesophageal echocardiographic guidance. There were no periprocedural complications. The aortic valve was noted to be trileaflet and competent.

The effect of novel Head and Trunk Control Rehabilitation (HATCoRe) device in children with cerebral palsy: Single-Subject multiple baseline protocol.

Objective: Head and trunk control is essential for enhancing engagement and participation by improving visual integration, respiration, oromotor skill, arm control, and self-care. Our study protocol aims to investigate the effect of novel Head And Trunk Control Rehabilitation (HATCoRe) device on promoting head and trunk control in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP).

Method: This single subject multiple baseline design trial will include six children with CP aged two to 10 years, exhibiting delayed head and trunk control, having Gross Motor Function Classification System level IV and V will be enrolled.

Oncologic Outcomes in Patients with Localized, Primary Head and Neck Synovial Sarcoma.

this study aims to evaluate the survival outcomes of patients suffering from head and neck synovial sarcoma (HNSS), especially in relation to patients with a localized disease at diagnosis. this retrospective chart review includes 57 patients diagnosed with primary HNSS between 1981 and 2020 who presented with a localized disease at diagnosis. Overall survival (OS) from diagnosis, local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and metastasis-free survival (MFS) from the end of the primary tumor treatment are estimated.

Inhibition of matrix metalloproteases by a chemical cross-linker to halt the corneal degradation in keratoconus.

The need for better and simpler alternative crosslinking strategies to treat keratoconus (KC) is becoming essential as there is only a single approved way to treat it. Recently, conventional UV-A Riboflavin crosslinking is proven to have some disadvantages such as causing damage to the corneal endothelium and inducing keratocyte apoptosis. A chemical cross-linker (CXL) using carbodiimide chemistry and an octanedioic acid spacer is found effective in stiffening the cornea and has the potential to be developed as an alternative therapy to halt KC progression.

Separating triplet exciton diffusion from triplet-triplet annihilation by the introduction of a mediator.

Triplet-triplet annihilation photon upconversion (TTA-UC) combines the energy of two photons to provide one of higher energy that can be used to drive photochemical or photophysical processes. TTA-UC proceeds at high efficiencies in dilute solution, but in solid state the efficiency drastically reduces. This is because exciton diffusion, compared to molecular diffusion in solid annihilator films, suffers concentration induced quenching, undermining efficient emission.

Harnessing street shade to mitigate heat stress: An in-situ parallel investigation under extreme heat conditions in tropical Singapore.

In the face of global rising temperatures and excessive urban heat, developing effective heat mitigation strategies has become increasingly urgent. Street shade, a typical cooling shelter for urban dwellers, has been primarily investigated for outdoor thermal comfort but not extensively under extreme heat conditions. This study explores the cooling efficacy of diverse street shade types in mitigating urban heat, thereby facilitating cities and their residents' adaptation to climatic shifts.

Lower respiratory tract infections following respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody nirsevimab immunization versus placebo: Analysis from a Phase 3 randomized clinical trial (MELODY).

Background: Nirsevimab is an extended half-life, highly potent neutralizing monoclonal antibody against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein, with efficacy in preventing RSV-associated medically attended (MA) lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants and medically vulnerable children (aged ≤24 months). This post-hoc exploratory analysis examined the incidence of LRTI from RSV and other respiratory pathogens during a 2:1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study of nirsevimab, in healthy-term and late-preterm (i.e.

The role of community-level men's and women's inequitable gender norms on women's empowerment in India: A multilevel analysis using India's National Family Health Survey-5.

Background: Lower empowerment of women is a critical social issue with adverse public health implications. In India, deeply ingrained gender norms shape a patriarchal structure that creates systemic disadvantages for women relative to men. These gender norms-socially constructed expectations about the roles, behaviors, and attributes of men and women-perpetuate inequality and limit women's opportunities.

The Assessment of Cardiovascular Abnormalities in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Chronic liver disease (CLD) is associated with a wide range of systemic complications, including cardiovascular abnormalities. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of cardiac abnormalities and to correlate with the severity of liver disorder. Materials and methods A cross-sectional analysis comprising 120 adult subjects diagnosed with CLD was performed.

Preclinical and Clinical-Scale Magnetic Particle Imaging of Natural Killer Cells: in vitro and ex vivo Demonstration of Cellular Sensitivity, Resolution, and Quantification.

Purpose: Clinical adoption of NK cell immunotherapy is underway for medulloblastoma and osteosarcoma, however there is currently little feedback on cell fate after administration. We propose magnetic particle imaging (MPI) may have applications for the quantitative detection of NK cells.

Procedures: Human-derived NK-92 cells were labeled by co-incubation with iron oxide nanoparticles (VivoTrax™) for 24 h then excess nanoparticles were washed with centrifugation.

Efficacy and Safety of Repeat Per-oral Endoscopic Myotomy After Failed POEM for Achalasia: A Systematic Review and meta-analysis.

Background: Per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is an effective option for treating achalasia. Despite its high efficacy, a fraction of patients remain symptomatic after POEM, and the data on the optimal management of these patients is limited. Few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of repeat POEM after a failed POEM.

Study of Subcutaneous Pressure in Lower Limb Cellulitis and its Correlation With Surgical Intervention.

Introduction Cellulitis is a prevalent bacterial skin infection, particularly affecting the lower limbs and often necessitating clinical intervention due to its considerable incidence rate. Factors like venous insufficiency, lymphedema, and recurring episodes increase the risk of relapse, complicating treatment strategies. Although antibiotics and limb elevation are standard care, severe cases may require surgical intervention.

Outcomes of Covid-19 Vaccine-Associated Glomerular Diseases (CVAGD) - A Case Series from India.

Background: Several cases of glomerular diseases following Covid-19 vaccination, especially mRNA vaccines, have been reported. However, there is little data on glomerular diseases associated with the two vaccines widely available in India (Covaxin and Covishield) and their long-term outcomes.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted between May 2021 and May 2023.