Understanding one health challenges in marginalized urban settings: A patient and public involvement (PPI) approach from the CHIP consortium activities across four global cities.

Background: Slum communities face health risks influenced by environmental, human, and animal health factors, particularly antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Tailored, community-driven solutions are needed to address these multifactorial health determinants. This study explores One Health challenges in urban slums using a Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) approach.

"!" Self-perceived body image and correlation with nutritional status among medical students in Central Gujarat.

Introduction: Adolescence is a crucial part of life characterised by rapid body changes that can be influenced by perceptions and misinformation regarding their body image. Body image is usually associated with self-esteem and self-worth. Therefore, it is important to address this issue at this transitional time.

Screening and management of depression among patients on TB treatment in Papumpare district, Arunachal Pradesh, India.

The TB-depression syndemic is a complex health condition. This study demonstrates a collaborative model to screen and manage depression among TB patients and understand the enablers and challenges from the healthcare workers perspective regarding its implementation. The PHQ-9 questionnaire was used to screen for depression and in-depth interviews among five healthcare workers were taken to explore its feasibility.

Constructing a One Health governance architecture: a systematic review and analysis of governance mechanisms for One Health.

The integration of human, animal, and environmental health in the One Health framework is crucial for tackling complex health and environmental issues. Governance structures in One Health initiatives are essential for coordinating efforts, fostering partnerships, and establishing effective policy frameworks. This systematic review, registered with PROSPERO, aims to evaluate governance architectures in One Health initiatives.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among Young Women of a University in Central Gujarat - A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive endocrinological disorders affecting 6%-8% of women in reproductive years. An early liberal PCOS screening appears to be a cost-effective strategy, benefiting earlier diagnosis and intervention.

Objectives: The objectives are to measure the prevalence of PCOS and factors associated with PCOS among young girl students of a University in Central Gujarat.

Counseling intervention improves treatment adherence among newly diagnosed drug sensitive Tuberculosis patients of Ahmedabad city - A mixed methods approach.

Introduction: Counselling sessions based on the health behaviour module for patients on TB treatment may help improve the level of understanding of tuberculosis and its treatment, importance of adherence to therapy, possible side effects, dietary habits and to address any misconceptions; leading to better adherence and improved outcome. Hence, study attempted to assess the impact of brief counselling intervention through treatment adherence supportive activist (TASA) in improving adherence to treatment among drug sensitive TB patients.

Methods: An explanatory mixed methods design (QUAN-Qual) was carried out.

Health-seeking pathway of drug-resistant TB patients in Vadodara, India.

Background: Health-seeking behaviour refers to patients' choices regarding their preferred healthcare destination and the timing of seeking assistance for treatment. Patients with TB usually first approach the private sector and/or lose several months' time in inappropriate diagnosis and treatment due to lack of awareness regarding the availability of standard treatment protocols. This can lead to poor outcomes such as drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) and/or death.

Effects of Ultrasound-Guided Lower Extremity Nerve Blocks for Below-Knee Procedures in the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital, Central Gujarat.

Background and objectives Ultrasound-guided femoral and popliteal sciatic nerve blocks are useful adjuncts for many below-knee procedures like debridement, amputation, etc. The objectives of the study were to find the efficacy and feasibility of the ultrasound-guided combined femoral and popliteal sciatic nerve block for below-knee procedures in the Emergency Medicine Department (ED). Methodology This prospective clinical study was carried out over three months in ED.

Patient adherence to tuberculosis treatment in the Indian subcontinent: systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative research.

Objectives: How well patients adhere to their tuberculosis (TB) treatment influences their recovery and development of drug resistance, but influences on adherence are multiple and often competing. We synthesised qualitative studies from our setting in the Indian subcontinent to understand the dimensions and dynamics involved to help inform service provision.

Design: Qualitative synthesis comprising inductive coding, thematic analysis and forming a conceptual framework.

Treatment outcomes and associated factors among patients with drug-sensitive tuberculosis on daily fixed-dose combination drugs: A cohort study from Ahmedabad, India.

Background And Aim: The National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) has been progressive in addressing the issues related to tuberculosis (TB) control in the country, with constant programmatic changes based on evidence available from operational research. Our objectives were 1. to assess the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and the treatment outcomes of patients on fixed-dose combination (FDC) daily regimen and 2.

Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from inpatient and outpatient samples, Ecuador, 2018.

Objective: To compare the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from inpatient and outpatient samples in Ecuador.

Methods: A secondary analysis was done of data on bacteria isolated from inpatient and outpatient samples. Data were taken from the 2018 national antimicrobial resistance surveillance database of the National Reference Center for Antimicrobial Resistance.

Prevalence of menopausal symptoms among women in Vadodara, Central Gujarat: The urban-rural divide.

Aim: The aim of this article is to estimate prevalence of menopausal symptoms among women in the menopausal age group and study the urban-rural differences.

Methods And Design: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted in rural and urban field practice areas of a tertiary care center affiliated to Medical College, where 290 women (145 each from urban and rural areas) were interviewed to measure prevalence of menopausal symptoms. Forty-one symptoms were divided into 'Psycho-somatic' (17 symptoms), 'genito-urinary (9 symptoms)' and musculo-skeletal (5 symptoms) domains.

Strategies to detect and manage latent tuberculosis infection among household contacts of pulmonary TB patients in high TB burden countries - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To summarise latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) management strategies among household contacts of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients in high-TB burden countries.

Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE (NCBI) and Scopus were searched (January 2006 to December 2021) for studies reporting primary data on LTBI management. Study selection, data management and data synthesis were protocol-driven (PROSPERO-CRD42021208715).

Screening for gestational diabetes, Ahmedabad, India.

Objective: To implement a community-based screening and awareness-raising project for gestational diabetes in Ahmedabad, India.

Methods: The project took place between April 2016 and August 2019 in Ahmedabad. Medical college faculty members and medical officers trained 3582 paramedical staff on screening for gestational diabetes.

Assessment of Challenges and Opportunities and Identification of Approaches and Innovations in COVID-19 Pandemic Management by Different States in India: A Qualitative Approach.

Objective: The primary objective of the study was to compare the challenges in implementing various COVID-19-related public health strategies and activities between the selected high health index and low health index states. The secondary objective was to identify the differently managed mechanisms adopted by the health-care delivery system across the states to maintain their functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Setting: Eight states were divided into two groups; based on their health index and vulnerability index ranking-Kerala, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Karnataka in top four (Group 1) and Delhi, Tripura, Rajasthan, and Orissa in bottom four states (Group 2).

Early implementation challenges in electronic referral and feedback mechanism for patients with tuberculosis using Nikshay - A mixed-methods study from a medical college TB referral unit of Delhi, India.

Background: Diagnosis, notification and timely initiation of treatment is an important cornerstone for the elimination of tuberculosis (TB). The referral and feedback mechanism under National Tuberculosis Programme of India has been changed from paper-based to web-based electronic system (Nikshay) since 2018. The current study was carried out to assess the effect of Nikshay in referral and receipt of feedback on treatment initiation and to understand the early implementation challenges.

A structured mentorship program for medical college faculty on health research.

Background: A paradigm shift is required in faculty development programs on research skills, from theory-driven to hands-on practical approach. The objective of this study was to develop and implement a structured mentorship model for training of medical faculties in research skills.

Methods: An interventional study using functional mentorship and experiential learning based on a research project was conducted over a period of one year through two prevalidated modules: protocol and manuscript writing.

"Side effects--part of the package": a mixed methods approach to study adverse events among patients being programmatically treated for DR-TB in Gujarat, India.

Background: High rates of Adverse Events (AEs) during treatment is one of the leading causes of unsuccessful treatment outcomes among patients with drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). However, information related to AEs is not systematically collected and managed under programmatic setting. The present study assessed the a) incidence and pattern of adverse events in first three months of DR-TB treatment initiation; b) treatment seeking behaviour for AE management; and c) explore the challenges in seeking treatment and reporting AEs.

Clinical Outcomes of Head and Neck Cancer Patients Treated with Palliative Oral Metronomic Chemotherapy at a Tertiary Cancer Center in Kerala, India.

Background: Cetuximab-based chemotherapy is the standard palliative chemotherapy in head and neck cancers, but there is a limitation due to financial and logistic reasons, and where oral metronomic chemotherapy can be a successful alternate. Oral metronomic chemotherapy (MCT) can either be with Methotrexate alone or a combination of Methotrexate and Erlotinib. The study was aimed to assess the clinical outcome of oral MCT in head and neck cancer patients.

Pretreatment Out-of-Pocket Expenses for Presumptive Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients, India, 2016-2017.

In India, under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme, the government provides free treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; however, many patients seek care elsewhere, which is costly. To determine those out-of-pocket expenses, we interviewed 40 presumptive patients and found that they spent more than their median annual income before registering for the government program.

Late toxicities among laryngopharyngeal cancers patients treated with different schedules of concurrent chemoradiation at a rural tertiary cancer care center.

Background: Concurrent chemoradiation is the treatment of choice for laryngeal-pharyngeal cancers. Apart from survival organ preservation remains major aims of the treatment. Advanced radiation techniques like VMAT have shown to reduce morbidity.

Pain Management in Children With Cancer Using World Health Organization Guidelines at a Tertiary Cancer Center in Rural India.

Management of cancer pain among children is a difficult process due to the way they perceive pain, their dependence on parents, complexity of assessment, and limited availability of safe analgesics. Pain among children with cancer is still a less explored problem in India. This descriptive study was carried out in a tertiary cancer center to explore the characteristics of pain and its management among the children with cancer.

Clinical and equipment-related factors associated with the adequate peripheral blood stem cell collection in autologous transplant at a tertiary cancer center in Kerala - A retrospective cohort study.

Background: PBSC collection using apheresis is the preferred source of hematopoietic stem cells transplantation. However, apheresis procedures fail to harvest adequate CD34 yield in 5 to 40% of patients during the first collection. Therefore, this study aimed to study both the clinical- and equipmentrelated factors influencing CD34 yield among the autologous patients and to compare the collection efficiency of two apheresis equipments(Haemonetics MCS+ and Terumo Spectra Optia).

Limiting factors for autologous transplantation among transplant-eligible multiple myeloma patients: Lesson from a Tertiary Cancer Centre in rural India.

There is limited data from low and middle income countries on the exact proportion of Myeloma patients undergoing transplant even if they are eligible for the same. In this retrospective analysis of all newly diagnosed transplant eligible Myeloma treated between January 2011 to June 2017, number of patients undergoing transplant were recorded and among those not opting for transplant, reasons for the same were noted. Among 89 eligible patients, 23 (26%) patients could undergo transplantation.

Patient treatment pathways of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases in coastal South India: Road to a drug resistant tuberculosis center.

: Delays in initiating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) treatment adds risk to individual patients and the community due to disease progression, and on-going transmission. The Government of India offers free TB diagnosis and treatment, however many presumptive MDR TB patients wander within the Indian healthcare system and delay accessing the programme. To improve access to care, it is imperative to understand the treatment pathways taken by MDR TB patients.