Development of a new patient-derived xenograft humanised mouse model to study human-specific tumour microenvironment and immunotherapy.

Objective: As the current therapeutic strategies for human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been proven to have limited effectiveness, immunotherapy becomes a compelling way to tackle the disease. We aim to provide humanised mouse (humice) models for the understanding of the interaction between human cancer and immune system, particularly for human-specific drug testing.

Design: Patient-derived xenograft tumours are established with type I human leucocyte antigen matched human immune system in NOD- (NSG) mice.