The Remineralization Potential of Fluoride, Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate, and Chicken Eggshell on Enamel Lesions: An In Vitro Study.

Background and objective The effectiveness of various remineralizing agents, including fluoride varnish, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), and chicken eggshell powder (CESP), in improving enamel surface microhardness (SMH) is of clinical interest. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare SMH changes in the enamel after treatment with these agents. Materials and methods An in vitro study was conducted in which 40 human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were sectioned into four enamel sections, which were randomly allocated into four groups: group A (fluoride varnish), group B (CPP-ACP cream), group C (CESP), and group D (control).