Polyol-Assisted Synthesis of Ni/Cu/Ag Trimetallic Nanoparticles for Nonlinear Optical Applications.

Trimetallic nanoparticles (TMNPs) have opened a broad spectrum of applications with a new class of materialistic combinations in several fields from electronics to medicinal and environmental applications. In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of Ni/Cu/Ag TMNPs using the polyol method and their nonlinear optical (NLO) studies. A broad surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 443 nm evidences the formation of the Ni/Cu/Ag TMNPs with a peak shift compared to their mono- or bimetallic counterparts.

Derivation and external validation of a simple risk score for predicting severe acute kidney injury after intravenous cisplatin: cohort study.

Objective: To develop and externally validate a prediction model for severe cisplatin associated acute kidney injury (CP-AKI).

Design: Multicenter cohort study.

Setting: Six geographically diverse major academic cancer centers across the US.

In Utero Exposure to Alcohol and Tobacco and Electroencephalogram Power During Childhood.

Importance: Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) are risk factors associated with adverse neurobehavioral and cognitive outcomes.

Objective: To quantify long-term associations of PAE and PTE with brain activity in early and middle childhood via electroencephalography (EEG).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study included participants enrolled in the Safe Passage Study (August 2007 to January 2015), from which a subset of 649 participants were followed up in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes Program.

Race as a Component of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction Algorithms.

Purpose Of Review: Several prediction algorithms include race as a component to account for race-associated variations in disease frequencies. This practice has been questioned recently because of the risk of perpetuating race as a biological construct and diverting attention away from the social determinants of health (SDoH) for which race might be a proxy. We evaluated the appropriateness of including race in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prediction algorithms, notably the pooled cohort equations (PCE).

Historical Redlining, Socioeconomic Distress, and Risk of Heart Failure Among Medicare Beneficiaries.

Background: The association of historical redlining policies, a marker of structural racism, with contemporary heart failure (HF) risk among White and Black individuals is not well established.

Methods: We aimed to evaluate the association of redlining with the risk of HF among White and Black Medicare beneficiaries. Zip code-level redlining was determined by the proportion of historically redlined areas using the Mapping Inequality Project within each zip code.

Liquid biopsy for non-invasive monitoring of patients with kidney transplants.

The current tools for diagnosing and monitoring native kidney diseases as well as allograft rejection in transplant patients are suboptimal. Creatinine and proteinuria are non-specific and poorly sensitive markers of injury. Tissue biopsies are invasive and carry potential complications.

Prevalence of Statin Use for Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease by Race, Ethnicity, and 10-Year Disease Risk in the US: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2013 to March 2020.

Importance: The burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the US is higher among Black and Hispanic vs White adults. Inclusion of race in guidance for statin indication may lead to decreased disparities in statin use.

Objective: To evaluate prevalence of primary prevention statin use by race and ethnicity according to 10-year ASCVD risk.

Race, Social Determinants of Health, and Length of Stay Among Hospitalized Patients With Heart Failure: An Analysis From the Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure Registry.

Background: Racial disparities in heart failure hospitalization and mortality are well established; however, the association between different social determinants of health (SDOH) and length of stay (LOS) and the extent to which this association may differ across racial groups is not well established.

Methods: We utilized data from the Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure registry to evaluate the association between SDOH, as determined by patients' residential ZIP Code and LOS among patients hospitalized with heart failure. We also assessed the race-specific contribution of the ZIP Code-level SDOH to LOS in patients of Black and non-Black races.

Association of US County-Level Eviction Rates and All-Cause Mortality.

Background: Housing instability is a key social determinant of health and has been linked to adverse short- and long-term health. Eviction reflects a severe form of housing instability and disproportionately affects minority and women residents in the USA; however, its relationship with mortality has not previously been described.

Objective: To evaluate the independent association of county-level eviction rates with all-cause mortality in the USA after adjustment for county demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related characteristics.

Prenatal smoking and drinking are associated with altered newborn autonomic functions.

Background: Prenatal smoking and drinking are associated with sudden infant death syndrome and neurodevelopmental disorders. Infants with these outcomes also have altered autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation. We examined the effects of prenatal smoking and drinking on newborn ANS function.

Association of polypill therapy with cardiovascular outcomes, mortality, and adherence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Prior studies have reported improvements in population-level risk factor burden and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes using polypills for CVD risk reduction. However, a comprehensive assessment of the impact of polypills on CVD outcomes, mortality, adherence, and side effects across different settings has not previously been reported. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials examining the association between polypill therapy and CVD outcomes published before February 2021.

Genetic European Ancestry and Incident Diabetes in Black Individuals: Insights From the SPRINT Trial.

Background: Black individuals have high incident diabetes risk, despite having paradoxically lower triglyceride and higher HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels. The basis of this is poorly understood. We evaluated the participants of SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) to assess the association of estimated European genetic ancestry with the risk of incident diabetes in self-identified Black individuals.

Longitudinal Trajectories and Factors Associated With US County-Level Cardiovascular Mortality, 1980 to 2014.

Importance: Cardiovascular (CV) mortality has declined for more than 3 decades in the US. However, differences in declines among residents at a US county level are not well characterized.

Objective: To identify unique county-level trajectories of CV mortality in the US during a 35-year study period and explore county-level factors that are associated with CV mortality trajectories.

Community-Level Economic Distress, Race, and Risk of Adverse Outcomes After Heart Failure Hospitalization Among Medicare Beneficiaries.

Background: Socioeconomic disadvantage is a strong determinant of adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure. However, the contribution of community-level economic distress to adverse outcomes in heart failure may differ across races and ethnicities.

Methods: Patients of self-reported Black, White, and Hispanic race and ethnicity hospitalized with heart failure between 2014 and 2019 were identified from the Medicare MedPAR Part A 100% Files.

County-level phenomapping to identify disparities in cardiovascular outcomes: An unsupervised clustering analysis: Short title: Unsupervised clustering of counties and risk of cardiovascular mortality.

Introduction: Significant heterogeneity in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and healthcare resource allocation has been demonstrated in the United States, but optimal methods to capture heterogeneity in county-level characteristics that contribute to CVD mortality differences are unclear. We evaluated the feasibility of unsupervised machine learning (ML)-based phenomapping in identifying subgroups of county-level social and demographic risk factors with differential CVD outcomes.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study using county-level data from 2008 to 2018 from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) WONDER platform and the 2020 Robert Wood Johnson County Health Rankings program.

Corrigendum to U.S. Population at Increased Risk of Severe Illness from COVID-19.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.

Development and Validation of Machine Learning-Based Race-Specific Models to Predict 10-Year Risk of Heart Failure: A Multicohort Analysis.

Background: Heart failure (HF) risk and the underlying risk factors vary by race. Traditional models for HF risk prediction treat race as a covariate in risk prediction and do not account for significant parameters such as cardiac biomarkers. Machine learning (ML) may offer advantages over traditional modeling techniques to develop race-specific HF risk prediction models and to elucidate important contributors of HF development across races.

U.S. population at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19.

Background: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recognizes that older adults and individuals with certain medical conditions are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 infection.

Association of Genetic West African Ancestry, Blood Pressure Response to Therapy, and Cardiovascular Risk Among Self-reported Black Individuals in the Systolic Blood Pressure Reduction Intervention Trial (SPRINT).

Importance: Self-identified Black race is associated with higher hypertension prevalence and worse blood pressure (BP) control compared with other race/ethnic groups. The contribution of genetic West African ancestry to these racial disparities appears not to have been completely determined.

Objective: To determine the association between the proportion of West African ancestry with the response to antihypertensive medication, BP control, kidney function, and risk of adverse cardiovascular (CV) events among self-identified Black individuals in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT).

Association of Medicaid Expansion With Rates of Utilization of Cardiovascular Therapies Among Medicaid Beneficiaries Between 2011 and 2018.

Background: The Affordable Care Act expanded Medicaid eligibility allowing low-income individuals greater access to health care. However, the uptake of state Medicaid expansion has been variable. It remains unclear how the Medicaid expansion was associated with the temporal trends in use of evidence-based cardiovascular drugs.

Factors Associated With Excess Myocardial Infarction Risk in HIV-Infected Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objectives: To estimate the pooled relative risk (RR) of incident acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among HIV-infected adults compared with HIV-uninfected controls and explore the contribution of traditional and HIV-related risk factors.

Background: Understanding AMI risk and associated risk factors in HIV-infected populations has the potential to inform clinical management and prevention strategies.

Methods: We systematically identified cohort studies of HIV-infected or HIV-infected and matched uninfected adults reporting AMI incidence rates published up to January 1, 2017.

Effect of Exercise and Pharmacological Interventions on Visceral Adiposity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Long-term Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of exercise and pharmacotherapy interventions in reducing visceral adipose tissue (VAT).

Patients And Methods: A systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, New York Academy of Science Grey Literature Report, and OpenGrey was combined with hand searches of existing literature.