Publications by authors named "Shrey Shah"

Wilson's Disease (WD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene. These mutations lead to defective copper (Cu) transport and to accumulation of Cu in tissues, primarily in the liver and brain. Current treatment options such as D-penicillamine, trientine, and zinc salts focus on increasing Cu excretion or reducing Cu absorption, but often cause debilitating side effects.

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Autoimmune diseases are broadly characterized as a failure in immune tolerance. In multiple sclerosis (MS), autoreactive immune cells attack the protective myelin sheath lining neurons in the central nervous system. Therapeutic strategies that selectively and durably restore immune tolerance without broad immunosuppression are urgently needed for MS.

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Clinical exposures during the first two years of medical school (MS1-2) provide students an opportunity for early networking, mentorship and career exploration. The feasibility and perceived value of an extracurricular, student-run multidisciplinary oncology shadowing program was evaluated in this study. At a single institution, an oncology interest group collaborated with oncologists to create a shadowing program for MS1-2 students.

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Article Synopsis
  • Microbes are the most abundant life forms on Earth, but their diversity is often overlooked, particularly in vertebrate models where studying host-microbiome interactions is complex.
  • In a natural setting, animal guts have a variety of microbial species, but lab studies typically focus on just one, limiting our understanding.
  • The review discusses how microbial metabolites, drugs, and host genetics interact, using specific examples to highlight ongoing research in host-microbe-metabolite relationships.
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Objective: Evaluation of the demographic and academic characteristics of current neurosurgery residents may provide prospective students with insight into factors that affect research output. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the research output among neurosurgery residents.

Methods: US neurosurgery residency programs were abstracted from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons website.

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Immunotherapies have been transformative in many areas, including cancer treatments, allergies, and autoimmune diseases. However, significant challenges persist in extending the reach of these technologies to new indications and patients. Some of the major hurdles include narrow applicability to patient groups, transient efficacy, high cost burdens, poor immunogenicity, and side effects or off-target toxicity that results from lack of disease-specificity and inefficient delivery.

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  • Microneedle arrays (MNAs) are being developed for better drug and cell delivery in biomedical applications, but creating effective high-aspect-ratio MNAs has been challenging.* -
  • Researchers used a hybrid 3D printing technique that combines various advanced methods to create hollow MNAs specifically designed for delivering mammalian cells.* -
  • Experiments showed that MNAs with a 25-micron inner diameter significantly reduced cell viability, while those with diameters of 50 microns or larger performed similarly to conventional needles, highlighting their potential for effective cell delivery.*
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  • Dental caries, a prevalent disease caused by oral biofilms, persists despite fluoride use, but iron oxide nanoparticles (ferumoxytol) can degrade these biofilms with hydrogen peroxide.
  • When combined with stannous fluoride, ferumoxytol significantly enhances the inhibition of biofilm growth and enamel damage compared to using either treatment alone.
  • This combination is effective in controlling dental caries in live subjects at much lower concentrations and shows no negative effects on surrounding tissues or the oral microbiome, highlighting its potential as a safe and efficient treatment for oral health.
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Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a severe form of major depressive disorder (MDD) with substantial public health impact and poor treatment outcome. Treatment outcome in MDD is significantly heritable, but genome-wide association studies have failed to identify replicable common marker alleles, suggesting a potential role for uncommon variants. Here we investigated the hypothesis that uncommon, putatively functional genetic variants are associated with TRD.

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Biomaterials allow for the precision control over the combination and release of cargo needed to engineer cell outcomes. These capabilities are particularly attractive as new candidate therapies to treat autoimmune diseases, conditions where dysfunctional immune cells create pathogenic tissue environments during attack of self-molecules termed self-antigens. Here we extend past studies showing combinations of a small molecule immunomodulator co-delivered with self-antigen induces antigen-specific regulatory T cells.

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Microneedle arrays (MNAs) are small patches containing hundreds of short projections that deliver signals directly to dermal layers without causing pain. These technologies are of special interest for immunotherapy and vaccine delivery because they directly target immune cells concentrated in the skin. The targeting abilities of MNAs result in efficient immune responses-often more protective or therapeutic-compared to conventional needle delivery.

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Article Synopsis
  • Dental caries, a common disease caused by oral biofilms, affects nearly half of the global population despite the use of fluoride, although a new FDA-approved iron oxide nanozyme (ferumoxytol) shows promise in disrupting these biofilms.
  • Combining ferumoxytol with stannous fluoride significantly enhances their effectiveness in preventing both biofilm accumulation and enamel damage, outperforming either treatment alone.
  • The synergy between these two agents not only stabilizes the stannous fluoride but also improves its catalytic activity, demonstrating a novel method to combat dental caries without adverse effects on oral health or microbiome diversity.
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Gastric bypass has grown in popularity in recent years due to its high efficacy in achieving long-term weight loss in patients with morbid obesity. Gastric bypass has been described to further exacerbate baseline nutritional deficiencies due to reduced gastric capacity and malabsorption. In rare cases, when protein deficiency is severe, Kwashiorkor disease may arise.

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In this challenging world, social media plays a vital role as it is at the pinnacle of data sharing. The advancement in technology has made a huge amount of information available for data analysis and it is on the hotlist nowadays. Opinions of the people are expressed and shared across various social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram.

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Background: Large pituitary adenomas (LPAs), which constitute ∼5%-14% of all pituitary adenomas, are considered challenging tumors owing to their locally aggressive behavior, low gross total resection rate, and high prevalence of visual deficits and hypopituitarism. We evaluated the utility of various extended endoscopic endonasal approaches in maximizing the resection of LPAs and studied the factors affecting the extent of surgical resection.

Methods: A retrospective study of all LPAs (defined as a minimum diameter >3 cm and tumor volume >10 cm) treated via an endoscopic endonasal approach between January 2015 and December 2020 was performed.

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Bacterial coinfections in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia are uncommon, when compared to coinfections with other respiratory viruses. For example, the prevalence of bacterial coinfections in hospitalized seasonal influenza patients can exceed 30%, whereas the prevalence of bacterial coinfections in SARS-CoV-2 infection is less than 4%. Bacterial coinfections increase the severity of respiratory viral infections and have been associated with higher mortality and morbidity.

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Recently approved cancer immunotherapies - including CAR-T cells and cancer vaccination, - show great promise. However, these technologies are hindered by the complexity and cost of isolating and engineering patient cells . Lymph nodes (LNs) are key tissues that integrate immune signals to coordinate adaptive immunity.

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Introduction: Hypothyroidism is an endocrine condition. The signs and symptoms of Hypothyroidism match with the descriptions of several conditions like Vataja Shotha, Rasa Pradoshaja Vikara or a disorder Agni. In the current study two different dosage forms i.

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Nafion, a polytetrafluoroethylene polymer with perfluorinated-vinyl-polyether side chains ending in sulfonic acid groups, is widely used as the proton-exchange membrane in polymer electrolyte fuel cells, particularly low temperature hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells. The state of hydration of the sulfonic acid groups is crucial to its operation. By using a combination of inelastic neutron scattering (INS) and infrared spectroscopies, and by comparison to a series of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid hydrates of well-defined stoichiometry, we characterise how the hydration changes as a function of water content.

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Biomaterials hold great promise for vaccines and immunotherapy. One emerging biomaterials technology is microneedle (MNs) delivery. MNs are arrays of micrometer-sized needles that are painless and efficiently deliver cargo to the specialized immunological niche of the skin.

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Surface modification of liposomes with a ligand is facilitated by the conjugation of the ligand to a hydrophobic molecule that serves to anchor the ligand to the liposomal bilayer. We describe here a simple protocol to conjugate a triphenylphosphonium group to several commercially available functionalized phospholipids. The resulting triphenylphosphonium-conjugated lipids can be used to prepare liposomes that preferentially associate with mitochondria when exposed to live mammalian cells in culture.

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Patients receiving mechanical ventilation for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related, moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) have mortality rates between 76-98%. The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to identify differences in prone ventilation effects on oxygenation, pulmonary infiltrates (as observed on chest X-ray (CXR)), and systemic inflammation in CARDS patients by survivorship and to identify baseline characteristics associated with survival after prone ventilation. The study cohort included 23 patients with moderate-to-severe CARDS who received prone ventilation for ≥16 h/day and was segmented by living status: living ( = 6) and deceased ( = 17).

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Bacterial coinfections are not uncommon with respiratory viral pathogens. These coinfections can add to significant mortality and morbidity. We are currently dealing with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which has affected over 15 million people globally with over half a million deaths.

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Human dental caries is an intractable biofilm-associated disease caused by microbial interactions and dietary sugars on the host's teeth. Commensal bacteria help control opportunistic pathogens via bioactive products such as hydrogen peroxide (HO). However, high-sugar consumption disrupts homeostasis and promotes pathogen accumulation in acidic biofilms that cause tooth-decay.

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