WITHDRAWN: Pharmaceutical Nanoemulsion System: A Strategy to Enhance the Bioavailability of Drugs.

Unlabelled: The article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor of the journal Current Drug Metabolism. Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused. The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.

Role of nitazoxanide as a repurposed drug in the treatment and management of various diseases.

Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is an orally active drug with significant postmarketing experience including more than 75 million adults and children. Presently, this drug is widely used for a number of infectious conditions and diseases. It has a wide range of applications such as antiprotozoal, anthelmintic and antiviral against various types of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, parasites and certain viruses.

Envisioning the Future of Nanomedicines in Management and Treatment of Neurological Disorders.

Neurodegenerative disorders are a result of continuous deterioration of the structure and function of neurons, involving the death of neurons. Neurodegenerative disorders affect millions of people around the world. Several conventional drug delivery strategies are available to treat neurological disorders.

Nanotechnology Driven Approaches for the Management of Parkinson's Disease: Current Status and Future Perspectives.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is believed to be one of the commonly found adult-onset movement disorder occurring due to neurodegeneration and striatal dopamine deficiency. Although clinical diagnosis depends on the occurrence of bradykinesia and other cardinal motor features, PD is linked with many non-motor symptoms that are responsible for overall disability. Among several factors, genetic and environment-related factors are thought to be the major ones accountable for PD.

Proteomic Analysis of Huntington's Disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is genetically inherited through an autosomal dominant gene located on chromosome 4. HD is caused by DNA mutation (generally 37 or more repetition of CAG nucleotides) that leads to an excessive stretch of glutamine residues. However, the main pathogenesis pathway resulted by polyglutamine expansion in mutant HD is unknown.

Prevalence and associations of moderately increased albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes in United Arab Emirates.

Background And Aims: Our study sought to investigate the prevalence of moderately increased albuminuria in United Arab Emirates (UAE) nationals with type 2 diabetes, and to identify the associated factors.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in two hundred and seven UAE nationals with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the internal medicine department of a secondary care hospital. Moderately increased albuminuria was estimated in random spot urine samples and was defined as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) of 3-30 mg/mmoL.

Raloxifene potentiates the effect of fluoxetine against maximal electroshock induced seizures in mice.

The evidence to guide clinicians regarding rationale polytherapy with current antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is lacking, and current practice recommendations are largely empirical.  The excessive drug loading with combinatorial therapies of existing AEDs are associated with escalated neurotoxicity, and that emergence of pharmacoresistant seizures couldn't be averted. In pursuit of judicious selection of novel AEDs in combinatorial therapies with mechanism based evidences, standardized dose of raloxifene, fluoxetine, bromocriptine and their low dose combinations, were experimentally tested for their impact on maximal electroshock (MES) induced tonic hind limb extension (THLE) in mice.

Role of Rutin Nanoemulsion in Ameliorating Oxidative Stress: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamics Studies.

Parkinson's disease is caused due to free radical generation in dopamine neurons leading to oxidative stress induced damage. The aim of this work was to ameliorate the free radical induced oxidative stress in rats by using TPGS (Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate) loaded rutin nanoemulsion after oral administration. For this purpose, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics studies were performed in albino wistar rats.

Bioresponse Inspired Nanomaterials for Targeted Drug and Gene Delivery.

The traditional drug delivery techniques are unresponsive to the altering metabolic states of the body and fail to achieve target specific drug delivery, which results in toxic plasma concentrations. In order to harmonize the drug release profiles, diverse biological and pathological pathways and factors involved have been studied and consequently, nanomaterials and nanostructures are engineered in a manner so that they respond and interact with the target cells and tissues in a controlled manner to induce promising pharmacological responses with least undesirable effects. The bioinspired nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes, metallic nanoparticles, and quantum dots sense the localized host environment for diagnosis and treatment of pathological states.

Bioinspired Nanocomposites: Applications in Disease Diagnosis and Treatment.

Recent advancement in the field of synthesis and application of nanomaterials provided holistic approach for both diagnosis as well as treatment of diseases. Briefly, three-dimensional scaffold and geometry of bioinspired nanocarriers modulate bulk properties of loaded drug at molecular/ atomic structures in a way to conjointly modulate pathological as well as altered metabolic states of diseases, in very predictable and desired manners at a specific site of the target. While, from the pharmacotechnical point of views, the bioinspired nanotechnology processes carriers either favor to enhance the solubility of poorly aqueous soluble drugs or enable well-controlled sustained release profiles, to reduce the frequency of drug regimen.

Synergistic antioxidant action of vitamin E and rutin SNEDDS in ameliorating oxidative stress in a Parkinson's disease model.

Purpose: Oxidative stress is the leading cause in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Rutin is a naturally occurring strong antioxidant molecule with wide therapeutic applications. It suffers from the problem of low oral bioavailability which is due to its poor aqueous solubility.

Vitamin E loaded resveratrol nanoemulsion for brain targeting for the treatment of Parkinson's disease by reducing oxidative stress.

Resveratrol, a potent natural antioxidant, possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities, but its oral bioavailability is very low due to its extensive hepatic and presystemic metabolism. The aim of the present study was to formulate a kinetically stable nanoemulsion (o/w) using vitamin E:sefsol (1:1) as the oil phase, Tween 80 as the surfactant and Transcutol P as the co-surfactant for the better management of Parkinson's disease. The nanoemulsion was prepared by a spontaneous emulsification method, followed by high-pressure homogenization.

Nanocarrier-based hydrogel of betamethasone dipropionate and salicylic acid for treatment of psoriasis.

Introduction: Betamethasone dipropionate (BD) has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antiproliferative activity. The aim of the current work was to test the hypothesis that the addition of corticosteroid such as BD and a keratolytic agent such as salicylic acid in nanocarrier based microemulsions formulation would result in enhancement and sustaining of corticosteroid delivery rate leading to better anti-psoriatic activity. Clinical use of BD is restricted to some extent due to its poor permeability across the skin.