Bilateral Hydroureteronephrosis with a Hypertrophied, Trabeculated Urinary Bladder.

Bilateral hydroureteronephrosis involves the dilatation of the renal pelvis, calyces and ureter; it develops secondary to urinary tract obstruction and leads to a build-up of back pressure in the urinary tract, and it may lead to impairment of renal function and ultimately culminate in renal failure. Although clinically silent in most cases, it can be diagnosed as an incidental finding during evaluation of an unrelated cause. In a minority of patients, it presents with signs and symptoms.

Computed tomographic study of posterior cranial fossa, foramen magnum, and its surgical implications in Chiari malformations.

Objective: The aim of this study is to measure the height and volume of the bony part of the posterior cranial fossa (PCF) and the surface area of the foramen magnum (FM) using computed tomography (CT) scans and to correlate our clinical findings with the available current literature.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care referral hospital in the Southern part of India during the period from January 2015 to August 2015. A total of 100 CT scans of the suspected head injury patients were collected retrospectively form the basis for this study.

Surgical Implications of Portal Vein Variations and Liver Segmentations: A Recent Update.

The Couinaud's liver segmentation is based on the identification of portal vein bifurcation and origin of hepatic veins. It is widely used clinically, because it is better suited for surgery and is more accurate in localizing and monitoring various intra parenchymal lesions. According to standard anatomy, the portal vein bifurcates into right and left branches; the left vein drains segment II, III and IV and the right vein divides into two secondary branches - the anterior portal vein drains segments V and VIII, and the posterior drains segments VI and VII.

Complete agenesis of the dorsal pancreas: A rare clinical entity.

Complete agenesis of the dorsal pancreas (ADP) is an exceedingly rare congenital anomaly, compatible with life. The first case was reported in 1911 and so far around 100 cases have been reported in the world literature. Majority of the patients with this anomaly are asymptomatic or associated with abdominal pain, hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus, and acute or chronic pancreatitis.

Isolated single umbilical artery in twin pregnancies and its adverse pregnancy outcomes - a case report and review of literature.

Single umbilical artery is the most common congenital abnormality of the umbilical cord and is seen in 4-11% of twin pregnancies. It is usually associated with intrauterine growth retardation, preterm labour, small-for-dates and other structural anomalies. There is no significant difference in the incidence between monochorionic and dichorionic twins.