Etiological and histomorphological studies on early chick mortality in broiler chicken in Kashmir, India.

Background: Early chick mortality (ECM) is one of the most important problems of the poultry industry that causes severe economic losses to the farmers. The chick mortality varies in different geographical locations and its etiological factor also varies.

Aim: The aim of the present work was to isolate and identify various etiological agents responsible for causing ECM in broilers, and study the overall occurrence and pathology of various disease conditions responsible for causing ECM in broilers.

Chlorpyrifos and dimethoate exposure impairs female fertility by deregulating WNT signaling pathway & uterine receptivity.

The study assessed histological, biochemical, oxidative stress, and molecular parameters to evaluate the consequences of Chlorpyrifos and Dimethoate exposure on uterine health in female rats. Despite showing no obvious signs of toxicity apart from minor clinical symptoms in DM-exposed rats, both pesticides caused degenerative changes in uterine tissue. This study demonstrates that pesticides induce inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in rats, by NF-κB activation and altering antioxidant enzyme levels.

Nano-protected form of rosemary essential oil has a positive influence on blood biochemistry parameters, haematological indices, immune-antioxidant status, intestinal microbiota and histomorphology of meat-type chickens.

This study aimed to investigate the potential of free and nanoprotected rosemary essential oil (REO) as an antibiotic alternative in blood biochemistry, hematology, immune-antioxidant status, intestinal microbiology, and histomorphology of broilers. A total of 420 1-wk-old broiler chicks (Cobb) were randomly allotted into 7 treatments, each having 4 replicates of 15 chicks. The first group served as control received basal diet, while the second group was fed a basal diet plus 100 mg/kg enramycin and third group basal diet plus 150 mg/kg chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs).

Acute and sub-acute Toxicity Profiles of Anchusa strigosa and Zataria Multiflora: Insights from wistar albino rats.

The present study aims to assess the acute and subacute toxicity of the hydro-alcoholic extracts of Anchusa strigosa (leaves) and the aerial parts of Zataria multiflora Boiss in Wistar albino rats. The crude extracts of Anchusa strigosa (leaves) and the aerial parts of Zataria multiflora Boiss were prepared in 70% ethanol. Systematic tests for acute toxicity were performed at varying dosages of 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg, while for subacute toxicity, a dose of 600 mg/kg was orally given to Wistar albino rats.

Dual cross-linked gellan gum/gelatin-based multifunctional nanocomposite hydrogel scaffold for full-thickness wound healing.

Biological macromolecules are excellent materials for wound dressing owing to their similar structure to the extracellular matrix and adjustable physicochemical properties. This research focuses on fabricating biological macromolecule-based hydrogel with desirable antibacterial, antioxidant, controlled drug release, cytocompatibility, and wound healing properties. Herein, different concentrations of nanoceria (NC) and flurbiprofen (FLU) drug-loaded gellan gum/gelatin (GG/Ge) based dual crosslinked (Ionic and EDC/NHS coupling) hydrogels were engineered.

Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue for repairing acute sciatic nerve injury in a rabbit model.

Peripheral nerve injury is one of the common disabling clinical conditions and around 50% of the cases end up in permanent impairment. Due to the lack of effective treatment options regenerative medicine employing stem cells is being evaluated. The presented study evaluated and compared regeneration potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow (BM) and adipose tissue (AD) in acute rabbit sciatic nerve injury (axonotmesis) model.

Cryopreserved allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells show better osteochondral defect repair potential than adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) due to their characteristic properties have a potential to treat osteoarthritis, one of the major growing joint problems. MSCs show differential ex vivo chondrogenic potential on the basis of source that remains to be validated under in vivo environment. This study compared chondrogenic potential of MSCs derived from two common sources, adipose tissue (AD) and bone marrow (BM) under ex vivo and in vivo environments.

Immune and Oxidative Response against Sonicated Antigen of -A Causative Agent of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia.

Vaccines are vital for prevention and control of mycoplasma diseases. The exploration of a vaccine candidate for the development of a vaccine is imperative. The present study envisages the evaluation of immune and oxidative response against an adjuvanted, sonicated antigen of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp.

Cryopreserved allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells enhance wound repair in full thickness skin wound model and cattle clinical teat injuries.

The study was aimed to evaluate and compare the healing potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from two common sources (iliac crest derived bone marrow and omental fat) in a full thickness skin wound model. Bone marrow derived MSCs clinical efficacy in the repair of cattle teat fistulae (cutaneous and muco-cutaneous wounds) was also evaluated. In a completely randomized placebo controlled experimental full thickness skin wound model, n=36 were randomly divided into three equal groups: groups I, II and III receiving Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), BM-MSCs and adipose tissue MSCs (AD-MSCs), respectively.

Poor Sleep in Community-Dwelling Polysubstance Users: Association With Khat Dependence, Metacognition, and Socio-Demographic Factors.

Purpose: Poor sleep and cognitive deficits are often associated with increased drug use. However, no study has addressed the relationship between poor sleep, substance dependence, and metacognitive deficit in polysubstance users.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a simple random sampling involving community-dwelling polysubstance users ( = 326, age = 18-43 years) in Mizan, Ethiopia.

Dua Ti Dawa Ti understanding psychological distress in the ten districts of the Kashmir Valley and community mental health service needs.

Background: An extensive body of research exists looking at the level of psychological distress in populations affected by political conflict. Recommended response to psychological distress in humanitarian crises is still based on frameworks for interventions developed in western/European contexts including psychological first aid, counselling and group therapy. While there is growing, but limited, evidence that culturally modified interventions can lead to reduction in symptoms of psychological distress in conflict affected populations, there is a need to understand mental health help-seeking behaviour and mental health service needs from the perspective of affected communities.

Trauma in the Kashmir Valley and the mediating effect of stressors of daily life on symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety.

Background: The negative psychological impact of living in a setting of protracted conflict has been well studied, however there is a recognized need to understand the role that non-conflict related factors have on mediating exposure to trauma and signs of psychological distress.

Methods: We used data from the 2015 Kashmir Mental Health Survey and conducted mediation analysis to assess the extent to which daily stressors mediated the effect of traumatic experiences on poor mental health outcomes. Outcomes of interest were probable diagnosis of anxiety, depression, or PTSD; measured using the pre-validated Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL-25) and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ).

Psychometric properties of the Insomnia Severity Index in Ethiopian adults with substance use problems.

This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) in substance-using Ethiopian adults. A simple random sampling of houses and a purposive sampling selection was performed in Mizan city, Ethiopia ( = 406). Participants completed the ISI and a meta-cognition questionnaire and sociodemographic information.

Validation of mental health screening instruments in the Kashmir Valley, India.

The present study aimed to culturally adapt, translate, and validate the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire-Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Checklist (HTQ-16) prior to use in a cross-sectional mental health population survey in the Kashmir Valley. Cultural adaptation and translation of the HSCL-25 and the HTQ-16 employed multiple forms of transcultural validity check. The HSCL-25 and HTQ-16 were compared against a "gold standard" structured psychiatric interview, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI).

Gross and histopathological alterations associated with cystic echinococcosis in small ruminants.

Hydatidosis, an important parasitic zoonoses is a major public health as well as economic concern throughout the world. A total of 2100, sheep (2052) and goats (48), slaughtered or spontaneously dead, from various areas of Kashmir valley were screened for the presence of hydatidosis. Out of 2100 cases, 85 were positive for hydatidosis.

Prevalence of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in the Kashmir Valley.

Background: Following the partition of India in 1947, the Kashmir Valley has been subject to continual political insecurity and ongoing conflict, the region remains highly militarised. We conducted a representative cross-sectional population-based survey of adults to estimate the prevalence and predictors of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the 10 districts of the Kashmir Valley.

Methods: Between October and December 2015, we interviewed 5519 out of 5600 invited participants, ≥18 years of age, randomly sampled using a probability proportional to size cluster sampling design.