Unveiling the Intricacies of the Inner Ear Anatomy: Novel 3D-Printed Model for Detailed Visualization and Functional Demonstrations.

Objectives: This research aimed to print realistically detailed and magnified three-dimensional models of the inner ear, specifically focusing on visualising its complex labyrinth structure and functioning simulation.

Methods: Temporal bone computed-tomography data were imported into Mimics software to construct an initial three-dimensional inner-ear model. Subsequently, the model was amplified and printed with precision using a three-dimensional printer.

A simple and convenient 3D printed temporal bone model for drilling simulating surgery.

Background: It is still far away from most of us in that it requires complex 3D modeling.

Aims/objectives: To investigate a more precision, simple, convenient and economical three-dimensional (3D) printed temporal bone model printed by a commercial desktop 3D printer, which can be widely promoted and applied in the training of beginners in otology.

Material And Methods: The CT data of the temporal bone were imported into Mimics to construct a 3D digital model of the temporal bone.

An Immunogenic Cell Death-Related Classification Predicts Prognosis and Response to Immunotherapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) has been classified as a form of regulated cell death (RCD) that is sufficient to activate an adaptive immune response. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the ability of ICD to reshape the tumor immune microenvironment through the emission of danger signals or DAMPs, which may contribute to the immunotherapy. Currently, identification of ICD-associated biomarkers that stratify patients according to their benefit from ICD immunotherapy would be of great advantage.