Pan-cancer analysis of SOX2: Prognostic implications and potential as a therapeutic target in immune checkpoint modulation.

This study investigates SOX2 genetic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic alterations across over 30 cancer types. Significant downregulation of SOX2 expression was observed in colorectal adenocarcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, rectum adenocarcinoma, stomach adenocarcinoma, and testicular germ cell tumors, whereas its expression was upregulated in cervical squamous cell carcinoma, glioblastoma multiforme, lower grade glioma, lung adenocarcinoma, and lung squamous cell carcinoma. Survival analysis showed that low SOX2 expression correlated with better prognosis in bladder cancer, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, and sarcoma, whereas high SOX2 expression was associated with poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma, and lung squamous cell carcinoma, glioblastoma multiforme, lower grade glioma.

Uncover visit-to-visit blood pressure variability as the hidden risk factor/predictor for coronary artery disease, stroke and malignant tumor in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Visit-to-visit blood pressure variability is a factor for a series of cardiovascular diseases in hypertensive patients. Hypertension is a common complication of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our research demonstrated that blood pressure variability is more important than systolic blood pressure to be associated with the occurrence of coronary artery disease and stroke.

Comprehensive analysis of the expression and prognosis for APOE in malignancies: A pan-cancer analysis.

Apolipoprotein E (), a gene identified as one of the strongest genetic factors contributing to the risk determinant of developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), may also contribute to the risk of cancer. However, no pan-cancer analysis has been conducted specifically for the gene. In this study, we investigated the oncogenic role of the gene across cancers by GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) and TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas).

The influence of gender and wealth inequality on Alzheimer's disease among the elderly: A global study.

This study was designed to explore the relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) rates and socioeconomic conditions in 120 countries. We used mixed effect models to investigate the relationship between the rates of AD and socioeconomic data. This study is among the first studies to put forward statistical evidence of a significant association between AD and other dementias among the elderly and socioeconomic inequality.

Genetic alterations, RNA expression profiling and DNA methylation of HMGB1 in malignancies.

The high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in various human diseases. However, a systematic, comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of HMGB1 in human cancers remains to be reported. This study analysed the genetic alteration, RNA expression profiling and DNA methylation of HMGB1 in more than 30 types of tumours.

Spindle and Kinetochore-Associated Complex Is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Adrenocortical Carcinoma.

Introduction: The spindle and kinetochore-associated (SKA) complex, composed of three subunits (SKA1, SKA2, and SKA3), stabilizes spindle microtubule attachment to the kinetochore (KT) in the middle stage of mitosis. High expression of this complex is associated with poor prognosis for several tumors. However, the potential role of SKA complex overexpression in rare malignant diseases, such as adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), has not been well investigated.

Overexpression of SKA Complex Is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Gliomas.

The spindle and kinetochore-associated complex is composed of three members: SKA1, SKA2, and SKA3. It is necessary for stabilizing spindle microtubules attaching to kinetochore (KT) in the middle stage of mitosis. The SKA complex is associated with poor prognosis in several human cancers.

Environmentally induced ribosomal DNA (rDNA) instability in human cells and populations exposed to hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)].

Hexavalent Chromium [Cr (VI)] is an established toxicant, carcinogen, and a significant source of public health concern. The multicopy ribosomal DNA (rDNA) array is mechanistically linked to aging and cancer, is the most evolutionarily conserved segment of the human genome, and gives origin to nucleolus, a nuclear organelle where ribosomes are assembled. Here we show that exposure to Cr (VI) induces instability in the rDNA, triggering cycles of rapid, specific, and transient amplification and contraction of the array in human cells.

Uncovering the geographical and host impacts on the classification of .

causes human sickness throughout the world via the consumption of undercooked seafood or exposure to contaminated water. Previous attempts at phylogenetic analyses of have proven unsuccessful, mainly due to the poorly understood impact of factors on its divergence. In this study, we used advanced statistical and phylogenetic methods to strengthen the classification of .

Uncovering the hidden impacts of inequality on mental health: a global study.

Women are nearly twice as likely as men to suffer from mental illness. This gender disparity in depressive disorders may relate to social inequalities and living standards across nations. Currently, these disparities were not reflected at the level of health policies.

The long-range interaction map of ribosomal DNA arrays.

The repeated rDNA array gives rise to the nucleolus, an organelle that is central to cellular processes as varied as stress response, cell cycle regulation, RNA modification, cell metabolism, and genome stability. The rDNA array is also responsible for the production of more than 70% of all cellular RNAs (the ribosomal RNAs). The rRNAs are produced from two sets of loci: the 5S rDNA array resides exclusively on human chromosome 1 while the 45S rDNA arrays reside on the short arm of five human acrocentric chromosomes.

A Portrait of Ribosomal DNA Contacts with Hi-C Reveals 5S and 45S rDNA Anchoring Points in the Folded Human Genome.

Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) account for >60% of all RNAs in eukaryotic cells and are encoded in the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) arrays. The rRNAs are produced from two sets of loci: the 5S rDNA array resides exclusively on human chromosome 1, whereas the 45S rDNA array resides on the short arm of five human acrocentric chromosomes. The 45S rDNA gives origin to the nucleolus, the nuclear organelle that is the site of ribosome biogenesis.

Concerted copy number variation balances ribosomal DNA dosage in human and mouse genomes.

Tandemly repeated ribosomal DNA (rDNA) arrays are among the most evolutionary dynamic loci of eukaryotic genomes. The loci code for essential cellular components, yet exhibit extensive copy number (CN) variation within and between species. CN might be partly determined by the requirement of dosage balance between the 5S and 45S rDNA arrays.

Ribosomal DNA copy number is coupled with gene expression variation and mitochondrial abundance in humans.

Ribosomes are essential intracellular machines composed of proteins and RNA molecules. The DNA sequences (rDNA) encoding ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are tandemly repeated and give origin to the nucleolus. Here we develop a computational method for estimating rDNA dosage (copy number) and mitochondrial DNA abundance using whole-genome short-read DNA sequencing.

Estimating the relative roles of recombination and point mutation in the generation of single locus variants in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli.

Single locus variants (SLVs) are bacterial sequence types that differ at only one of the seven canonical multilocus sequence typing (MLST) loci. Estimating the relative roles of recombination and point mutation in the generation of new alleles that lead to SLVs is helpful in understanding how organisms evolve. The relative rates of recombination and mutation for Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli were estimated at seven different housekeeping loci from publically available MLST data.