Retrospective assessment of short-term outcomes of robotic- versus laparoscopic-assisted duodenal diamond anastomosis in neonates.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively compare the short-term outcomes of robotic- (RAD) and laparoscopic-assisted duodenal diamond-shaped anastomosis (LAD) in neonates.

Methods: Neonates who underwent RAD (n = 30) or LAD (n = 38) between January 2019 and December 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. Major patient data were collected, including preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative information.

Machine Learning-Based Approach to Predict Last-Minute Cancellation of Pediatric Day Surgeries.

The last-minute cancellation of surgeries profoundly affects patients and their families. This research aimed to forecast these cancellations using EMR data and meteorological conditions at the time of the appointment, using a machine learning approach. We retrospectively gathered medical data from 13 440 pediatric patients slated for surgery from 2018 to 2021.

NLRP3 activation in macrophages promotes acute intestinal injury in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.

Background: Macrophages are involved in various immune inflammatory disease conditions. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of macrophages in regulating acute intestinal injury in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Methods: CD68, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), cysteine aspartate-specific protease-1 (caspase-1), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in paraffin sections of intestinal tissues from NEC and control patients were detected with immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blot.

Performance of Deep Learning-Based Algorithm for Detection of Pediatric Intussusception on Abdominal Ultrasound Images.

Background And Aims: Diagnosing pediatric intussusception from ultrasound images can be a difficult task in many primary care hospitals that lack experienced radiologists. To address this challenge, this study developed an artificial intelligence- (AI-) based system for automatic detection of "concentric circles" signs on ultrasound images, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of pediatric intussusception diagnosis.

Methods: A total of 440 cases (373 pediatric intussusception and 67 normal cases) were retrospectively collected from Children's Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2020 to December 2020.

Meconium Peritonitis, Intestinal Atresia Combined With Biliary Atresia: A Case Report.

Meconium peritonitis (MP) combined with intestinal atresia (IA) is a rare neonatal condition, and it is even rarer in combination with biliary atresia (BA). We describe a case of an infant who developed short bowel syndrome after partial intestinal resection due to MP and IA, along with a Santullienterostomy. During continuous enteral and parenteral nutrition, the stool color became paler.

An improved joint non-negative matrix factorization for identifying surgical treatment timing of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis is a severe neonatal intestinal disease. Timely identification of surgical indications is essential for newborns in order to seek the best time for treatment and improve prognosis. This paper attempts to establish an algorithm model based on multimodal clinical data to determine the features of surgical indications and construct an auxiliary diagnosis model.

Effects of an Individualized Fasting Program on Fasting Time and Comfort in Infants and Young Children During the Perioperative Period.

Purpose: The study was designed to evaluate the effect of an individualized fasting program on fasting time and comfort in infants and young children during the perioperative period.

Design: A quasiexperimental design was used.

Methods: The study included 675 children (intervention = 353, control = 322).

[Therapeutic experience of type Ⅲ-b congenital intestinal atresia].

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics and treatment of type Ⅲ-b congenital intestinal atresia (CIA).

Methods: The clinical data of 12 type Ⅲ-b CIA treated in the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2015 to December 2017 were analyzed retrospectively.

Results: Of the 12 patients diagnosed as type Ⅲ-b CIA in operation, treatment was refused during operation by their parents in 2 cases.

[Clinical analysis of annular pancreas in neonates].

Objective: To analyze clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of annular pancreas in neonates.

Methods: Clinical data of 114 neonates with annular pancreas admitted in the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University from January 2009 to December 2018 were reviewed. The demographic parameters (gestational age, birth weight), clinical manifestations, onset time, results of antenatal examination, associated anomalies, radiological findings, operations, postoperative complications were analyzed.

Monitoring of home recovery using the 317-nursing mobile application following day-case surgery in children: Perspectives from both nurses and patients.

The number of elective day-case surgeries has considerably increased in recent years, especially in China. Few studies have investigated the ability of mobile applications to assist recovery for patients having undergone day-surgery; however, these studies have indicated that the use of mobile applications is cost-efficient and has a positive effect on recovery after surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the utility and efficacy of using the 317-nursing mobile application program (317NAPP) for monitoring home recovery following day-surgery involving high ligation of the hernial sac in pediatric patients.

Effect of inguinal hernia on the thickness and blood flow of spermatic cord in boys.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of inguinal hernia (IH) on the spermatic cord using spermatic cord ultrasonography (SCU).

Methods: From January 2016 to January 2017, boys with IH who received SCU at the start of open herniorrhaphy (OH) were enrolled in this study. The age and weight at SCU, width of the spermatic cord (SC-W), peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the spermatic artery (SA-PSV) and velocity in the pampiniform plexus (PP-V), and the interval between the initial and the second OH in boys with metachronous inguinal hernia (MIH) were recorded, and the relationship among them was studied.

[Complications after laparoscopic Ladd operation for intestinal malrotation in neonates].

Objective: To analyze complications after laparoscopic Ladd operation for intestinal malrotation, related causes and possible solutions.

Methods: Clinical data of 81 neonates who underwent laparoscopic Ladd operations for intestinal malrotation in the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine between January 2015 and January 2018 were reviewed. The abdominal complications and findings during operation and reoperation were analyzed.

[Transumbilical single-site laparoscopic surgery for congenital duodenal obstruction in neonates].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transumbilical single-site laparoscopic surgery for congenital duodenal obstruction (CDO) in neonates.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 15 patients with CDO undergoing transumbilical single-site laparoscopic treatment during November 2017 and January 2018 (single-site group), and 20 patients with CDO undergoing conventional three-hole laparoscopic treatment during August 2017 and October 2017 (three-hole group) was performed. All patients were from the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine.

Association of T-helper cell cytokine level with age in patients with biliary atresia: a preliminary study.

Background: The pathogenesis of biliary atresia (BA) is associated with an inflammatory process involving the biliary tree. This study aimed to investigate the association of T-helper cell cytokine levels with age in patients with BA.

Methods: Twenty-eight patients with BA were divided into three groups according to their age (< 2 months, 2-3 months, and ≥ 3 months).

Pre-operative Spermatic Cord Ultrasonography Helps to Reduce the Incidence of Metachronous Inguinal Hernia in Boys.

Thickening of the spermatic cord is a clinical sign of an inguinal hernia. We therefore tested whether pre-operative spermatic cord ultrasonography could reduce the incidence of metachronous inguinal hernia (MIH). Boys under 2 years old with an initial unilateral inguinal hernia were enrolled in this study.

Preoperative Interventional Therapy for Childhood Undifferentiated Embryonal Liver Sarcoma: Two Retrospective Cases from a Single Center.

Background Undifferentiated embryonal liver sarcoma (UELS) accounts for only 9 to 15% of all malignant liver tumors in children. Typically, UELS occurs in older children and presents as an abdominal mass. Most UELS are unresectable because of the later diagnosis.

Incidence of pediatric metachronous contralateral inguinal hernia in children aged ≥1 year.

Background: The management of the contralateral asymptomatic side when a child with initial unilateral inguinal hernia undergoes herniorrhaphy continues to be controversial. Age less than 6 months at initial herniorrhaphy is considered as a high risk factor of the occurrence of metachronous contralateral inguinal hernia (MCIH). We performed herniorraphy for patients ≥1 year with initial unilateral hernia at one-day-set outpatient-surgery department without any intervention of contralateral groin.

Relationship between plasma leptin levels and clinical outcomes of pediatric traumatic brain injury.

High plasma leptin level has been associated with mortality after adult intracerebral hemorrhage. The present study was undertaken to investigate the plasma leptin concentrations in children with traumatic brain injury and to analyze the correlation of leptin with pediatric traumatic brain injury outcome. Plasma leptin concentration of eighty-nine healthy children and 142 children with acute severe traumatic brain injury was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RNAa-mediated overexpression of WT1 induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells.

Aim: Recent studies have reported that double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) can activate gene expression by targeting promoter sequence in a process termed RNA activation. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of WT1 induction by small activating RNA targeting the WT1 promoter (dsWT1) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods: The human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 was transfected with dsRNA by liposomes.