Affordability assessment of passive retrofitting measures for residential buildings using life cycle assessment.

Climate change impacts have been increasingly noticeable worldwide, especially as energy concerns have increased. Because buildings consume significant amounts of energy, sustainably retrofitting existing buildings has become essential. However, several countries are pretty concerned about the affordability of retrofitting and energy conservation measures.

Simulation study for natural ventilation retrofitting techniques in educational classrooms - A case study.

Building retrofitting plays a critical role in achieving sustainable development and is an efficient way to improve the indoor air quality (IAQ) of existing spaces. The IAQ in classrooms has a significant impact on the health and academic achievement of students. However, improving the IAQ of existing classrooms is challenging if minimum architectural modifications are allowed.