Exploring the dynamic nexus between urbanization and industrialization with carbon emissions in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from panel PMG-ARDL estimation.

Urbanization and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa have undergone dramatic changes in recent decades with countries in sub-Saharan Africa seeking to industrialize their economies to boost economic growth. This study, with panel data from 37 sub-Saharan countries between the time period of 1995 and 2017, employs panel cointegration tests and pooled mean group ARDL (PMG-ARDL) techniques and the Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test to empirically examine the impact of urbanization, economic growth, energy consumption, and industrialization on carbon emissions. Results from the PMG estimator confirm no significant impact of urbanization on carbon emissions in both the long run and short run.