Immunogenicity Persistence of Different Immunization Regimens of Rabies Vaccine in the 10-60 Years Age Group: A Follow-Up Report Based on Phase III Clinical Trial.

This study evaluated the 12-month persistence of rabies virus-neutralizing antibody (RVNA) following different immunization regimens of freeze-dried human rabies vaccine (Vero cells) in individuals aged 10-60 years within the Chinese population. Number of 600 participants from phase III clinical trials who completed the fullimmunization were randomly assigned into one of three groups, four-dose experimental group, five-dose experimental group, and five-dose control group. The experimental group received the vaccine from Shandong Yeedu Biotechnology Co.

Safety and immunogenicity of freeze-dried human rabies vaccines: A phase 3 clinical trial of Zagreb and Essen regimes.

Recently optimized freeze-dried rabies vaccines (Vero cell) are promising for rabies prevention; however, comparisons of Essen 5-dose and Zagreb 4-dose regimens are needed for clinical applications. This phase III clinical trial aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of candidate freeze-dried rabies vaccines developed for human use by Shandong Yeedo Biotechnology (Registration No.: CTR20182016, http://www.

An mRNA vaccine against rabies provides strong and durable protection in mice.

Introduction: Rabies is a serious public health problem worldwide for which an effective treatment method is lacking but can be prevented by vaccines. Current vaccines are produced in cell or egg cultures, which are both costly and time consuming.

Methods: Here, a non-replicating mRNA vaccine (RV021) encoding the rabies virus glycoprotein was developed , and its immunogenicity and protective efficacy against live virus was evaluated in mice.

Heterologous prime-boost immunisation with mRNA- and AdC68-based 2019-nCoV variant vaccines induces broad-spectrum immune responses in mice.

The ongoing evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or 2019-nCoV) variants has been associated with the transmission and pathogenicity of COVID-19. Therefore, exploring the optimal immunisation strategy to improve the broad-spectrum cross-protection ability of COVID-19 vaccines is of great significance. Herein, we assessed different heterologous prime-boost strategies with chimpanzee adenovirus vector-based COVID-19 vaccines plus Wuhan-Hu-1 (WH-1) strain (AdW) and Beta variant (AdB) and mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines plus WH-1 strain (ARW) and Omicron (B.

Neutralization of ARCoV-induced sera against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

ARCoV is a candidate mRNA vaccine encoding receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2. Its safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity profile have been confirmed in the phase 1 clinical trial in China. A multi-regional phase 3 clinical trial is currently underway to test the efficacy of ARCoV (NCT04847102).

Combining intramuscular and intranasal homologous prime-boost with a chimpanzee adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccine elicits potent humoral and cellular immune responses in mice.

The efficacy of many coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines has been shown to decrease to varying extents against new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants, which are responsible for the continuing COVID-19 pandemic. Combining intramuscular and intranasal vaccination routes is a promising approach for achieving more potent immune responses. We evaluated the immunogenicity of prime-boost protocols with a chimpanzee adenovirus serotype 68 vector-based vaccine, ChAdTS-S, administered via both intranasal and intramuscular routes in BALB/c mice.

Clofazimine derivatives as potent broad-spectrum antiviral agents with dual-target mechanism.

Thirty-two clofazimine derivatives, of which twenty-two were new, were synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral effects against both rabies virus and pseudo-typed SARS-CoV-2, taking clofazimine (1) as the lead. Among them, compound 15f bearing 4-methoxy-2-pyridyl at the N5-position showed superior or comparable antiviral activities to lead 1, with the EC values of 1.45 μM and 14.

Safety and immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 ARCoV mRNA vaccine in Chinese adults: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial.

Background: Safe and effective vaccines are urgently needed to end the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aimed to assess the preliminary safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an mRNA vaccine ARCoV, which encodes the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD).

Methods: This single centre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation, phase 1 trial of ARCoV was conducted at Shulan (Hangzhou) hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China.

Clofazimine: A Promising Inhibitor of Rabies Virus.

With an almost 100% mortality rate, rabies virus (RABV) infection is a global concern. Limited post-exposure prophylaxis and lack of an effective treatment necessitate novel antiviral therapies against RABV. Here, using a high-throughput screening (HTS) method developed in our lab, 11 candidates with anti-RABV activity were identified from a library of 767 clinical drugs.

Antigenic variations of recent street rabies virus.

The genetic and/or antigenic differences between street rabies virus (RABV) and vaccine strains could potentially affect effectiveness of rabies vaccines. As such, it is important to continue monitoring the glycoprotein (G) of the street isolates. All RABVG sequences in public database were retrieved and analysed.

Pre-marketing immunogenicity and safety of a lyophilized purified human diploid cell rabies vaccine produced from microcarrier cultures: a randomized clinical trial.

The large-scale production of a human diploid cell (HDC) vaccine (HDCV) for rabies is limited by several technical challenges. Kanghua Biological Products Co., Ltd.

Comparison of serological assays to titrate Hantaan and Seoul hantavirus-specific antibodies.

Background: Hantaan and Seoul viruses, in the Hantavirus genus, are known to cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), as conventional neutralization test for hantaviruses, is laborious and time-consuming. Alternatives to PRNT for hantaviruses are required.

Development of in vitro and in vivo rabies virus neutralization assays based on a high-titer pseudovirus system.

Pseudoviruses are useful virological tools because of their safety and versatility; however the low titer of these viruses substantially limits their wider applications. We developed a highly efficient pseudovirus production system capable of yielding 100 times more rabies pseudovirus than the traditional method. Employing the high-titer pseudoviruses, we have developed robust in vitro and in vivo neutralization assays for the evaluation of rabies vaccine, which traditionally relies on live-virus based assays.

Identification of a candidate standard strain of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus for vaccine quality control in China using a cross-neutralization assay.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is caused by a phlebovirus of the Bunyaviridae family, which is designated as SFTS virus (SFTSV). To our knowledge, no efficient SFTSV vaccine exists. Here, we report the identification of a standard virus strain for the eight major SFTSV strains circulating in China for use in evaluating the SFTSV vaccine.

[Analysis of full-length gene sequence of rabies vaccine virus aG strain].

To sequence and analyze the full-length gene sequence of rabies vaccine virus aG strain. The full-length gene sequence of aG strain was amplified by RT-PCR by 8 fragments,each PCR product was cloned into vector pGEM-T respectively, sequenced and assemblied; The 5' leader sequence was sequenced with method of 5' RACE. The homology between aG and other rabies vaccine virus was analyzed by using DNAstar and Mega4.

Development of a Vero cell DNA reference standard for residual DNA measurement in China.

This collaborative study developed a Vero cell DNA reference for standardizing dot blot hybridization, an assay widely employed to measure residual DNA contents of viral vaccines prepared with Vero cells. High purity of Vero cell DNA was extracted and characterized by Hind III enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. Then, with a cooperative calibration, the concentration of Vero cell DNA reference bulk solution was determined (64.

Fusion with extracellular domain of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated-antigen 4 leads to enhancement of immunogenicity of Hantaan virus DNA vaccines in C57BL/6 mice.

Background: Hantaan virus (HTNV) is the causative agent of the most severe form of a rodent-borne disease known as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). A safe and effective HTNV vaccine is needed. Vaccination with DNA constructs expressing fused antigen with bioactive factors, has shown promising improvement of immunogenicity for viral agents in animal models, but the effect of fusion strategy on HTNV DNA vaccine has not been investigated.

The immunogenicity and safety of vaccination with purified Vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV) in China under a 2-1-1 regimen.

Background: In China, rabies vaccine is only permitted to use under the Essen 5-dose regimen for the rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). However, Purified chick embryo cell vaccine made in India (Rabipur) has been approved in use under 2-1-1 immune program in 2010. Our objective is to confirm the immunogenicity and safety of PVRV manufactured in China (SPEEDA) under 2-1-1 program, compared with Rabipur and with the Essen 5-dose regimen.

[Analysis of full-length gene sequence of a rabies vaccine strain CTN-1 for human use in China].

CTN-1 is one of the rabies vaccine strains for human use in China, but there has been no report on the full-length gene sequence of CTN-1. In this study, the full-length gene of CTN-1 was amplified by RT-PCR, each PCR product was cloned into T vector and then sequenced, assemblied and compared with other vaccine strains as well as the wild Chinese rabies isolates. The phylogenetic tree of G gene was constructed and the genetic homology was analyzed.

Secretory expression and purification of recombinant Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit and its applications on intranasal vaccination of hantavirus.

In order to further study the B subunit of the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB), we obtained the LTB gene from pathogenic E. coli, cloned it into the pET22b (+) prokaryotic expression vector, and expressed it as a fusion protein with His tag in E. coli BL21 (DE3).

[Recombinant envelope glycoprotein domain III of dengue virus inhibit virus infection].

Objective: To observe the ability of dengue virus recombinant envelope protein domain expressed in E. coli to inhibit virus infection and induce the neutralizing antibody.

Methods: E III protein of Dengue virus serotypes 1-4 were expressed in E.

[Hantavirus mucosal vaccine through different mucosal with heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit as adjuvants].

Objective: To evaluation the effect of different mucosal vaccination pathway on hantavirus with the recombinant E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (rLTB) as adjuvant.

Methods: The rLTB was expressed and purified.

[Rescue of minireplicon by using the cell line stably expressing the T7 RNA polymerase].

To improve the rescue efficiency of measles virus cDNA clone, the cell line that stably expressed the T7 RNA polymerase was established. Firstly, the T7 RNA polymerase gene was amplified by PCR and then the PCR product was inserted into pcDNA3 to obtain plasmid pcDNA3-T7. Vero cell was transfected with the plasmid and G418 was added to the cell 24h later to kill the cells without the plasmid.

[Prokaryotic expression and antigenic activity analysis on the matrix protein genes of two strains of human metapneumovirus recently identified in Beijing].

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a recently identified respiratory virus more like human respiratory syncytial virus in clinical symptoms. Matrix protein (M) is one of the most important structural proteins. For further studying of hMPV, the full length of M genes from the recombinant plasmid pUCm-M1816 and pUCmM1817 were cloned by PCR and sub-cloned into the pET30a(+) vector, which is a prokaryotic expression vector, after dual-enzyme digestion with Bam HI and Xho I.