Treatment of municipal sludge by hydrothermal oxidation process with HO.

The recent increase in municipal sludge worldwide has led to a great deal of interest in developing an efficient and environmentally friendly sludge treatment method. In the paper, the treatment of municipal sludge by hydrothermal oxidation (HTO) process with HO as the oxidant was proposed. The impacts of HTO temperature and HO mass fraction on the distribution of products, the moisture content, the migration behaviors of the heavy metals (HMs) of the resulted solid products, the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and NH-N contained in the resulted aqueous phase products and the pH value were investigated.

Photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of six macroalgae species in seaweed beds of Gouqi Island, Zhejiang, China.

The study of photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of algae is important for the analy-sis of photosynthesis and carbon sequestration of algae. In July 2017, six common species of macroalgae found in Gouqi seaweed beds were collected, including Ulva pertusa, Cladophora stimpsonii, Grateloupia livida, Sargassum thunbergii, Polysiphonia urceolata, and Hizikia fusifarme. In the field, the maximal quantum yieids of photosystem2(F/F) and rapid curves (RLCs) were mea-sured by using pulse-amplitude modulated fluorometer (Diving-PAM).

[Difference of trophic niche between Sebastiscus marmoratus and Larimichthys polyactis in marine ranching of Ma'an Archipelago, China.].

Marine ranching is an effective way to protect and restore coastal fishery resources. In order to assess the impacts of marine ranching construction on the trophic niches and interspecific competition of Sebastiscus marmoratus and Larimichthys polyactis, we analyzed the relationship between the changes of intraspecies trophic niche and the interspecific competition, based on the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope data of these two species collected from 2013 to 2016. The results showed that the intraspecies trophic niches of both species increased significantly in marine ranching area from 2013 to 2016.

[Feeding habits of the marbled rockfish Sebastiscus marmoratus in the marine ranching off Ma'an Archipelago, China].

Marine ranching is considered as an efficient tool to protect and restore the coastal fishe-ries resource. In order to assess the ecological impacts of the construction of marine ranching on rocky fishes, the feeding habits of Sebastiscus marmoratus collected at the marine ranching area off Ma'an Archipelago were studied using stomach contents analyses and stable isotope analyses. Results showed that S.

Volatility and partitioning of Cd and Pb during sewage sludge thermal conversion.

In this paper, the thermal characteristics of sewage sludge and the transformation behavior of Pb and Cd during the thermal conversion process were addressed. The incineration process and pyrolysis process of the sewage sludge were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicated that the thermal conversion process of the sewage sludge could be divided into three stages and the presence of oxygen could accelerate the decomposition of the sewage sludge.

[A comparative study of different sampling designs in fish community estimation].

The study of fishery community ecology depends on quality and quantity of data collected from well-designed sampling programs. The optimal sampling design must be cost-efficient, and the sampling results have been recognized as a significant factor affecting resources management. In this paper, the performances of stationary sampling, simple random sampling and stratified random sampling in estimating fish community were compared based on computer simulation by design effect (De), relative error (REE) and relative bias (RB).

[Effects of sediment on the early settlement stage of Sargassum horneri on rocky subtidal reefs].

By using sediment trap and suction pump to measure the relative sediment levels across different sites and water depths, and through the in situ measurements of Sargassum horneri density, this paper assessed the relationships between the distribution of S. horneri and the sediment levels and wave exposure on the rocky subtidal platforms around Gouqi Island, China. The laboratory-based experiments were also conducted to test the effects of different sediment levels on the attachment of S.

[Dietary composition and food competition of six main fish species in rocky reef habitat off Gouqi Island].

Based on the monthly investigation data of fish resources in the rocky reef habitat off Gouqi Island from March 2009 to February 2010, this paper studied the dietary composition of three native fish species (Sebasticus marmoratus, Hexagrammos otakii and Hexagrammos agrammus) and three non-native fish species (Lateolabrax japonica, Nibea albiflora and Larimichthys polyactis). The analysis of gut content indicated that the main prey items of these six dominant fish species were Caprellidae, Gammaridea, juvenile S. marmoratus, Engraulis japonicas and Acetes chinensis and the dietary composition of each of the 6 fish species had obvious seasonal variation.

[Fish community structure and its seasonal change in subtidal sandy beach habitat off southern Gouqi Island].

To understand the characteristics of fish community structure in sandy beach habitats of island reef water areas, and to evaluate the potential capacity of these habitats in local fish stock maintenance, fishes were monthly collected with multi-mesh trammel nets in 2009 from the subtidal sandy beach habitat off southern Gouqi Island, taking the adjacent rocky reef habitat as the control. alpha and beta species diversity indices, index of relative importance (IRI), relative catch rate, and dominance curve for abundance and biomass (ABC curve) were adopted to compare the fish species composition, diversity, and community pattern between the two habitats, and multivariate statistical analyses such as non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) and cluster were conducted to discuss the fish assemblage patterns. A total of 63 fish species belonging to 11 orders, 38 families, and 56 genera were collected, of which, 46 fish species were appeared in the two habitats.

H2 production from fowl manure by low temperature catalytic gasification.

In the paper, H(2) rich gas produced from fowl manure (hen compost-HC) by low temperature catalytic gasification (LTCG) technology is addressed. The pyrolysis behaviors of the samples before and after weak acid pretreatment were investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis. Furthermore, the catalytic influence of HC char and HC ash on the decomposition of the nascent volatiles was determined.

Low temperature catalytic gasification of pig compost to produce H2 rich gas.

The low temperature catalytic gasification of pig compost before and after acid washing was carried out to produce H2 rich gas using a two-stage fixed-bed reactor. Little effect of the minerals on the manure pyrolysis is determined. Under the presence of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst nearly all the tarry matters were cracked into H2, CO, CO2 and residual carbon.

Preparation and characterization of bio-oils from internally circulating fluidized-bed pyrolyses of municipal, livestock, and wood waste.

Fast pyrolyses of sewage sludge (SS), pig compost (PC), and wood chip (WC) were investigated in an internally circulating fluidized-bed to evaluate bio-oil production. The pyrolyses were performed at 500 °C and the bio-oil yields from SS, PC, and WC were 45.2%, 44.

Effect of pretreatment with different washing methods on the reactivity of manure char.

During low temperature gasification process of livestock manure, combustion of manure char feedbacks energy for the gasification reactions. The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of mineral matters on the reactivity of manure char. The chars were prepared from pig and hen composts pretreated by different washing methods.

Influence of manure types and pyrolysis conditions on the oxidation behavior of manure char.

Livestock manure can be quickly converted into valuable products (H(2), syn-gas and char) by low temperature gasification. Manure char combustion offers energy for the gasification reactions. In the paper, the influence of manure type and pyrolysis conditions on manure char reactivity is addressed.

[Distribution characteristics of benthic algae in intertidal zone of Ma' an Archipelago of Zhejiang Province].

Based on the survey of benthic algae in the intertidal zone of Ma' an Archipelago from March to July 2007, the algal species composition, distribution, and temperature feature were studied. The dominant algal species in the study area were preliminarily analyzed by using similarity indices (S(c)) and index of relative importance (IRI(c)). A total of 31 species sampled in sublittoral area were identified, among which, 7 species of 5 genera belonged to Chlorophyta, 8 species of 5 genera belonged to Phaeophyta, and 16 species of 14 genera belonged to Rhodophyta.

[Research progress on seaweed bed ecosystem and its engineering].

Seaweed bed ecosystem is one of the typical nearshore ecosystems. Because of its unique structure and function, the ecology and engineering of this ecosystem have received much attention around the world in recent years. In this paper, the concept, structure, and function of seaweed bed ecosystem, as well as the definition and implementing steps of seaweed bed ecosystem engineering were introduced, and the most recent development in the research of seaweed bed ecosystem in developed countries was reviewed, with the research projects in the United States and Japan as examples.