Revolutionizing treatment for disorders of consciousness: a multidisciplinary review of advancements in deep brain stimulation.

Among the existing research on the treatment of disorders of consciousness (DOC), deep brain stimulation (DBS) offers a highly promising therapeutic approach. This comprehensive review documents the historical development of DBS and its role in the treatment of DOC, tracing its progression from an experimental therapy to a detailed modulation approach based on the mesocircuit model hypothesis. The mesocircuit model hypothesis suggests that DOC arises from disruptions in a critical network of brain regions, providing a framework for refining DBS targets.

Characteristics of globus pallidus internus local field potentials in generalized dystonia patients with TWNK mutation.

Objective: We focused on a rare gene mutation causing dystonia in two siblings who received globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation (GPi-DBS). The aim was to characterize the relationship between neuronal activity patterns and clinical syndromes.

Methods: Whole exome sequencing was applied to identify the TWNK (previous symbol C10orf2) mutation; Two siblings with TWNK mutation presented as generalized dystonia with rigidity and bradykinesia; four other sporadic generalized dystonia patients underwent GPi-DBS and local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded.

Deep brain stimulation modulates pallidal and subthalamic neural oscillations in Tourette's syndrome.

Introduction: Previous studies found subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) has clinical effect on Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and obsessive compulsive disorder. It is noteworthy that only a few studies report the STN-DBS for Tourette's syndrome (TS). Globus pallidus interna (GPi)-DBS is the one of the most common targets for TS.

[Spectral analysis of blood pressure signal in conscious rats released from simulated microgravity].

The aim of the present study was to examine whether there are changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and heart rate (HR) and their spectral indices in conscious free-moving rats after tail-suspension for 28 d. The tail-suspended hindlimb-unloaded (HU) rat model was used to simulate the cardiovascular effect of microgravity and the post-spaceflight cardiovascular dysfunction. The auto- and cross-spectral analysis of SBP variability (SBPV) and HR variability (HRV) were performed by the method based on the autoregressive model (AR), and the auto-spectral results was compared with the results from the classical periodogram method.

A dominant bursting electromyograph pattern in dystonic conditions predicts an early response to pallidal stimulation.

Although chronic pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) is effective in the treatment of medically intractable dystonia, there is no way of predicting the variations in clinical outcome, partly due to our limited understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this condition. We recorded electromyographic (EMG) activity from the most severely affected muscle groups in seven dystonia patients before and after pallidal DBS. Patient EMG recordings could be classified into two groups: one consisting of patients who at rest demonstrated a dominant low frequency component of activity on power spectral analysis (ranging from 2 to 5 Hz), and one group in which this dominant pattern was absent.

Thalamotomy versus thalamic stimulation for multiple sclerosis tremor.

Disabling intractable tremor occurs frequently in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). There is currently no effective medical treatment available, and the results of surgical intervention have been variable. Thalamotomy has been the mainstay of neurosurgical therapy for intractable MS tremor, however the popularisation of deep brain stimulation (DBS) has led to the adoption of chronic thalamic stimulation in an attempt to ameliorate this condition.

Deep brain stimulation for pain relief: a meta-analysis.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been used to treat intractable pain for over 50 years. Variations in targets and surgical technique complicate the interpretation of many studies. To better understand its efficacy, we performed a meta-analysis of DBS for pain relief.

Time-frequency analysis of transient neuromuscular events: dynamic changes in activity of the subthalamic nucleus and forearm muscles related to the intermittent resting tremor.

In order to investigate the dynamic change in transient neuromuscular events and the functional correlation between the neural and muscular activity, local field potentials (LFPs) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and surface electromyograms (sEMGs) over several episodes of transient resting tremor from a patient with Parkinson's disease were quantitatively characterised in time-frequency domain using short-time Fourier transform and continuous wavelet transform. Events of onset and cessation of the tremor-related activity in the STN and muscles were correlated to reveal the temporal relationship between the two signals. A significant suppression in the power of the STN LFPs in the beta band (10-30 Hz) preceded the onset of resting tremor, which was presented as the increases in the power at the tremor frequency (3.

Quantifying drug-induced dyskinesias in the arms using digitised spiral-drawing tasks.

In this study, we quantify the severity of drug-induced dyskinesias in the arms of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients using digitised spiral-drawing tasks. Two spiral drawings, namely a circular and a square spiral, are designed to, respectively, represent the continuous and discrete arm motions, and the size of the spiral is decided so that both the distal and proximal arm joints are involved. Fifteen PD patients, average disease duration 14.

Deep brain stimulation for generalised dystonia and spasmodic torticollis.

Dystonia appears distinct from the other tremulous disorders in that improvement following deep brain stimulation frequently appears in a delayed and progressive manner. The rate of this improvement and the point at which no further progress can be expected are presently unknown. The establishment of these parameters is important in the provision of accurate and relevant prognostic information to these patients, their carers, and their treating physicians.

Extracting burst and tonic components from surface electromyograms in dystonia using adaptive wavelet shrinkage.

The compound surface electromyograms (EMGs) recorded from patients with dystonia commonly contains superimposed bursting and tonic activity representing various motor symptoms. It is desirable to differentially extract them from the compound EMGs so that different symptoms can be more specifically investigated and different mechanisms revealed. A non-linear denoising approach based on wavelet transformation was investigated by applying soft thresholding to the wavelet coefficients.

Optimising coherence estimation to assess the functional correlation of tremor-related activity between the subthalamic nucleus and the forearm muscles.

Application of coherence estimation needs not only to correctly estimate coherence values but also to efficiently test the statistical significance of the estimates. In the present report, we have explained the approach of optimising a coherence estimator by restricting its normalised bias error and random error. In addition to the commonly used independence threshold, two more tests based on the probability of detection and the exact confidence interval have been proposed for detecting the significance of the coherence estimates.

[Recent advances in multi-variate and multi-dimensional analysis of heart rate variability and blood pressure variability].

Heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV) reflect the modulation activity of autonomic nervous system on cardiovascular function. There have been important advances in multi-variate, multi-dimensional and dynamic analysis of HRV and BPV during recent years. Modern signal processing methods, such as multi-variate system identification, time-frequency analysis and nonlinear dynamics analysis, could be adopted in the risk prediction, severity evaluation and therapeutic treatment assessment of cardiovascular diseases.