Investigating blood-brain barrier penetration and neurotoxicity of natural products for central nervous system drug development.

Natural Products (NPs) are increasingly utilized worldwide for their potential therapeutic benefits, including central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Studies have shown açai berries mitigating Parkinson's disease progression through dopaminergic neuroprotection via Nrf-2 HO-1 pathways. Ashwagandha, an evergreen shrub, has shown potential as a therapeutic for neurodegenerative disorders via axonal regeneration in Aβ25-35-treated cortical neurons in vitro.

Machine learning analysis identified NNMT as a potential therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma based on PCD-related genes.

Programmed cell death (PCD) plays a critical role in cancer biology, influencing tumor progression and treatment response. This study aims to investigate the role of PCD-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), identifying potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets to enhance patient outcomes. Data from the GEO, TCGA, and ICGC databases were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes associated with PCD in HCC.

An analysis of spatial changes in the manufacturing industry in china's three major urban clusters from 2015 to 2019 using POI data.

China's manufacturing industry has been ranked as the most valuable in the world from 2010 to 2021. However, high-resolution manufacturing datasets are lacking, and this has precluded study of the survival rates and spatial changes in the manufacturing industry in China. Here, we analyzed spatial patterns of the manufacturing industry using point-of-interest (POI) data and a machine learning classification algorithm based on the Naive Bayes classifier.

Impacts of reproductive systems on grapevine genome and breeding.

Diversified reproductive systems can be observed in the plant kingdom and applied in crop breeding; however, their impacts on crop genomic variation and breeding remain unclear. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), a widely planted fruit tree, underwent a shift from dioecism to monoecism during domestication and involves crossing, self-pollination, and clonal propagation for its cultivation.

Plasma Exosomes Derived from Patients with Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia Attenuate TBX21 Regulatory T Cell-Mediated Immune Suppression via MiR-363-3p.

Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) is characterized by reduced immunosuppressive function of regulatory T cells (Tregs), contributing to immune imbalance and decreased platelet counts. However, the mechanisms behind this reduced efficacy of Tregs remain unclear. Our study used a variety of methods, including Treg function assays, cytokine analysis, and single-cell sequencing, to explore these mechanisms.

Automated Tumor Segmentation in Breast-Conserving Surgery Using Deep Learning on Breast Tomosynthesis.

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide, with approximately 2.3 million diagnoses and 685,000 deaths in 2020. Early-stage breast cancer is often managed through breast-conserving surgery (BCS) combined with radiation therapy, which aims to preserve the breast's appearance while reducing recurrence risks.

The combined effect between environmental exposure and oxidative stress-related susceptible gene polymorphisms on human semen quality.

Purpose: The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between environmental factors and metabolic gene genotypes related to semen quality.

Methods: A total of 341 men were recruited and classified into normal or abnormal semen quality groups according to the World Health Organization's 2010 criteria. Alcohol and tobacco use among men was self-reported.

Brain Mechanisms of Fear Reduction Underlying Habituation to Pain in Humans.

Habituation to painful stimuli reflects an endogenous pain alleviation mechanism, and reduced pain habituation has been demonstrated in many chronic pain conditions. In ethology, animals exhibit reduced fear responses while habituating to repeated threatening stimuli. It remains unclear whether pain habituation in humans involves a fear reduction mechanism.

Knockdown of SESN2 Exacerbates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Enhancing Glycolysis via the mTOR/HIF-1α Pathway.

Aim: Reprogramming of glycometabolism plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Sestrin2 (SESN2), a sensor upstream of the mTORC1, is closely related to glycometabolism. However, the effect and mechanism of SESN2 in CIRI are unclear.

The Jahn-Teller Effect: A Significant Influence on Single-atom Sites Catalysts for CO2 Photoreduction.

The pursuit of efficient photocatalytic materials has gained momentum because of increasing concerns over climate change and the urgent need for sustainable energy solutions. The Jahn-Teller effect is a fundamental phenomenon prevalent in metal complexes and exerts a significant influence on the design and performance of catalytic systems. It affects the redistribution of d-orbital electrons, thus impacting electron transfer efficiency, the stability of reaction intermediates, and the adsorption energies of reactants, ultimately resulting in enhanced catalytic efficiency.

Overcoming the Leakage and Contact Resistance Challenges in Highly Scaled PMOS and NMOS Carbon Nanotube Transistors.

In this work, we address the off-state leakage current challenge, while simultaneously demonstrating high drive current per CNT, in NMOS and PMOS carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFETs). Increasing the bandgap from 0.6 to 0.

A bibliometric analysis of primary health care publication trends in the Asia-Pacific region from 2011 to 2023.

Background: Emphasis on primary health care (PHC) is the most efficient and economical approach to achieving universal health coverage, and should serve as its foundation. The aim of the study is to examine academic publications from 2011 to 2023 in the Asia-Pacific region (APR) using the Web of Science (WoS) subject category of PHC.

Methods: Academic papers in the WoS PHC category published in the APR from 2011 to 2023 were retrieved and analyzed, including papers published in the Science Citation Index-Expanded and the Social Science Citation Index.

Definition, prevalence, and economic impacts of hypertension on the elderly population.

Arterial hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a leading cause of death. The incidence of hypertension increases with age, with a lifetime risk of more than 90% for elderly individuals. With the growth in the absolute numbers and proportion of the elderly population worldwide, the economic impact and burden on healthcare systems due to elderly hypertension continue to rise.

Recommendation for immune prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common pathogen for young children hospitalized with bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Most infections occur below 1 year of age, and almost all children have been infected before 2 years of age. Monoclonal antibodies targeting RSV, such as palivizumab and nirsevimab, are accessible for preventing infection.

Effects of cigarette-derived compounds on the spread of antimicrobial resistance in artificial human lung sputum medium, simulated environmental media and wastewater.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and smoking of tobacco products are two of the most important threats to global human health. Both are associated with millions of deaths every year. Surprisingly, the immediate interactions between these two threats are yet poorly understood.

Mechanism of enhanced quality of Acetes chinensis powder-Alaska Pollock surimi: Gel properties, rheological properties, micro-structure.

To enhance the gel properties of Alaskan pollock surimi, the Acetes chinensis powder (ACP) with different contents (0.5-3 % w/w) was added to the surimi and its mechanisms were investigated. Results showed that adding 1.

Modelling analysis of career control sources and critical thinking among nursing undergraduates during the epidemic: a cross-sectional survey study.

Background: One of the goals of nursing education is to facilitate the transition of nursing students to nursing positions on graduation, and career locus of control can assess nursing students' expectations and beliefs about their future careers, while 'critical thinking skill' is listed by the International Organization for Medical Education as one of the most essential core competencies for medical graduates.

Objective: To investigate the distribution of career locus of control among nursing students before and after the COVID-19 epidemic, to explore the association between career locus of control and critical thinking and to analyse the pathways of influence of critical thinking on career locus of control among nursing students.

Design And Method: In this study, a total of 456 current undergraduate nursing students were selected online from Chengdu University in China in December 2022 and March 2024, respectively.

Prospective harmonisation of four international randomised controlled trials in Canada, China, India and South Africa: the Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative.

Objectives: The Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative (HeLTI) is an international multistudy consortium that supports the development and integration of four randomised controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in South Africa, India, China and Canada. HeLTI aims to evaluate interventions to improve the health and well-being of mothers and children, starting from preconception through pregnancy and early childhood until age 5 years. This paper describes the process by which we prospectively harmonised the participating studies and provides a descriptive analysis of the study-specific harmonisation potential.

Recommendations for use of extracorporeal shockwave therapy in sports medicine: an international modified Delphi study.

Objectives: While extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) may be an efficacious adjunctive treatment option for musculoskeletal injuries, current research is limited by significant heterogeneity within treatment protocols. This study aims to establish international expert consensus recommendations on ESWT terminology, parameters, procedural considerations, contraindications and side effects in the application of ESWT to sports injuries.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed on the use of ESWT for musculoskeletal and sports medicine injuries to identify potential panellists, followed by the development of a steering committee-led questionnaire.

Incidences of Virological and Clinical Relapses After Cessation of Tenofovir Alafenamide, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, or Entecavir in Patients With HBeAg-Negative Chronic Hepatitis B.

Background And Aim: The relapse pattern following the discontinuation of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the 2-year incidences of virological and clinical relapses among patients who discontinued TAF versus those who discontinued tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) or entecavir (ETV).

Methods: This multicenter retrospective study enrolled noncirrhotic hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative CHB patients who discontinued TAF, TDF, or ETV with undetectable HBV DNA at treatment cessation.

Tas2r123-associated mitochondrial organization and neuroplasticity underlying the antidepressant effect of resveratrol.

Background: Resveratrol, a natural bitter polyphenol, exhibits significant antidepressant property. Numerous studies have linked its antidepressant effect to neuroplasticity enhancement or mitochondrial regulation. However, the interplay between these two mechanisms remains unclear.

Mechanical characterization of nonlinear elasticity of growing intestinal organoids with a microinjection method.

Mechanical properties of intestinal organoids are crucial for intestinal development, homeostatic renewal, and pathogenesis. However, characterizing these properties remains challenging. Here, we developed a microinjection-based method to quantify the growth time-dependent nonlinear elasticity of intestinal organoids.

Proper Early Weaning from Ventilator Assistance Influences the Overall Survival of Patients with Severe Burns: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Ventilator assistance is crucial in the treatment of severely burned patients. However, there is no consensus on the optimal duration of ventilator assistance, and whether it has an impact on the short - and long-term prognosis of severely burned patients is still unclear.

Methods: We incorporated 185 severely burned patients in our study.