A Structurally Simple Polymer Donor Enables High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Minimal Energy Losses.

Energy loss (Eloss) between optical energy gap (Eg) and open-circuit voltage (eVoc) sets efficiency upper limits for organic solar cells (OSCs). Nevertheless, further breaking the limit of Eloss in OSCs is challenging, especially via structurally simple materials in binary OSCs. Herein, a structurally simple non-halogenated polymer donor, namely PBDCT, is developed for realizing high-efficiency OSCs with record-breaking Eloss.

Metal-Free Electrochemical C-H Chlorination of Terminal Alkanes.

Although research on the activation of C-H bonds in alkanes has been ongoing for decades, there are still few strategies that are both highly selective and suitable for industrial production. Here, we report a highly selective method for chlorination of terminal C-H bonds in alkanes by combining electrochemistry and organocatalysis. The specific cavity size of organic molecular catalysts ensures high regioselectivity, while the use of inexpensive and easily reusable graphite felt electrodes, simple electrochemical device and mild conditions enables the reaction to maintain good efficiency even when scaled up to kilogram level production.

Nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage among hospitalized patients before and after COVID-19 pandemic in a regional hospital in taiwan.

Background: Strict mask wearing and handwashing were implemented in hospital settings during COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan. To explore if nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage rate among inpatients in the hospital changed before and after COVID-19, we conducted this study.

Methods: Patients who were admitted to a regional hospital in central Taiwan during one week in 2012 and 2023, respectively, were enrolled.

Modulating the Hydrogen Bond for a Stable Zinc Anode with a Wide Temperature Range via the Sucrose and Polyacrylamide Synergistic Effect.

Zinc-ion batteries become a major research focus in energy storage, valued for their low cost and high safety. However, their widespread application is hindered by poor zinc anode stability caused by dendrites, side reactions, and poor performance across a wide temperature range at a strong hydrogen bond network aqueous electrolyte. In this study, we propose a strategy for the synergistic combination of a polyacrylamide hydrogel with sucrose.

Effect of Home-based Virtual Reality Training on Upper Extremity Recovery in Patients with Stroke: Systematic Review.

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability, often resulting in upper extremity dysfunction. Traditional rehabilitation methods often face challenges such as limited patient access to resources and lack of sustained motivation. Home-based virtual reality (VR) training is gaining traction as an innovative, sustainable and interactive alternative.

5HT1R agonist alleviates presurgical prolonged sleep deprivationinduced postsurgical pain in adolescent mice.

Objectives: Sleep deprivation (SD) is a risk factor for the development of chronic pain in adolescents, significantly affecting pain management and prognosis; however, the mechanisms by which SD influences postoperative pain outcomes remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism through which the spinal 5-hydroxytryptamine 1 receptor (5-HT1R) regulates the excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance in the dorsal horn to modulate postoperative chronic pain induced by SD in adolescent mice.

Methods: A pain model combining 4.

Challenges and support needs among family caregivers involved in solid organ transplant care process: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Family caregivers play an indispensable role in the care of solid organ transplant patients, undertaking a wide range of tasks from basic daily care to complex medical management. However, these responsibilities come with substantial challenges, placing additional strain on caregivers who bear significant physical, emotional, financial and social burdens, along with numerous unmet support needs. Currently, the exploration of challenges and support needs among family caregivers in the caregiving process is limited to primary research, lacking a synthesised and comprehensive understanding of the issues.

Work engagement among new nurses in China: a latent profile analysis.

Objective: To identify different work engagement profiles among new nurses in China and explore demographic and personal factors that predict different work engagement profiles.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Methods: From 1 April to 30 June 2022, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in 11 tertiary hospitals across five provinces in China.

Functional identification of mango MiGID1A and MiGID1B genes confers early flowering and stress tolerance.

The GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1) gene encodes a receptor integral to Gibberellic acid (GA) signaling, which is pivotal for plant growth, development, and stress responses. Until now, GID1 genes have not been documented in mango. In this research, the mango (Mangifera indica) genome yielded four GID1 homologous genes, and this study focuses on the research of MiGID1A and MiGID1B genes.

Global Incidence, Risk Factors, and Temporal Trends of Adrenal Cancer: a systematic analysis of cancer registries.

Objectives: Adrenal gland cancer (AGC) is a rare cancer with a poor prognosis. Studies on this cancer have been limited. This study, for the first time, aims to analyse the global disease burden and trends of adrenal gland cancer in country level and examine lifestyle and socioeconomic risk factors to generate hypotheses.

Explore peptides extracted from gliadin hydrolysates suppressing BACE1 activity and restraining Aβ protein deposition.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) constitutes approximately 70 % of dementia cases and is the most prevalent form of dementia. Current therapeutic options, including acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, provide symptomatic relief but do not cure the disease and often come with side effects. The primary pathological features of AD are amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, with amyloid plaques formed by the abnormal accumulation of Amyloid-β (Aβ).

Two different fabrication method of high-hydrophobic Bi-layer indicators based on sodium alginate-polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan-zein incorporated with alizarin@ZIF-8 for beef freshness visualization.

Intelligent films are essential for real-time monitoring of food spoilage. However, the application is often limited by challenges such as hydrophilicity and color instability. In this study, two high hydrophobic bilayer indicators based on sodium alginate-polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan-zein with alizarin grafted onto ZIF-8 carrier (AL@ZIF-8) were fabricated using the casting method and electrospinning, respectively.

Enhancing cellulase production in Neurospora crassa through combined deletion of the phospholipase D-encoding gene pla-7 and modulation of transcription factor CLR-2 expression.

Neurospora crassa, a saprophytic fungus, naturally secretes plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, demonstrating strong cellulases production. Despite its century-long use as a model organism, its industrial applications are underexplored. We compared N.

Network pharmacology combines cellular experiments to investigate the anti-inflammatory phytochemicals of vine of Pueraria montana var. lobata and their mechanism.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Pueraria montana var. lobata (PM) has the effects of relieving muscle stiffness and fever, generating body fluids and quenching thirst, resolving rashes, raising yang and stopping diarrhea, unblocking meridians, and detoxifying alcohol. It is commonly used for the management of conditions including stiff neck and back pain, thirst, diabetes, unresolved measles, external fever with headache, dysentery, diarrhea, dizziness and headache, stroke with hemiplegia, chest and heart pain, and alcohol poisoning.

Shuxuetong Injection inhibits pyroptosis in acute ischemic stroke via CD44/NLRP3/GSDMD signal.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is an important cause of death and disability in the world. Based on the blood stasis syndrome of stroke, Shuxuetong Injection (SXT) is a representative prescription for the treatment of AIS, which extracted by modern technology from Whitmania pigra Whitman (Shuizhi) and Pheretima aspergillum E.Perrier (Dilong).

Clerochinoids A‒H, aromatic abietane diterpenoids with cytotoxic activity from the roots and stems of Clerodendrum chinense.

Eight previously undescribed aromatic abietane diterpenoids, clerochinoids A-H (1-8), including seven 17(15→16)-abeo-abietanes (1-7) and one 17(15→16),18(4→3)-diabeo-abietane (8), along with 12 known analogues (9-20) were isolated from the roots and stems of Clerodendrum chinense. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data analysis, X-ray crystallography, and ECD calculations. All the compounds were screened for their cytotoxic activity against two human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, H1975 and HCC827.

Functional analysis of the epsilon glutathione S-transferases in the adaptation of Spodoptera litura to xanthotoxin.

Through long-term coevolution with host plants, insects have evolved sophisticated detoxification systems to counteract plant secondary metabolites (PSMs). However, the precise mechanisms underlying these adaptations remain incompletely characterized. Our previous research identified epsilon glutathione S-transferases (GSTes) as critical mediators of xanthotoxin adaptation in Spodoptera litura, a model linear furanocoumarin.

Discovery and identification of semaphorin 4D as a bioindicator of high fracture incidence in type 2 diabetic mice with glucose control.

Introduction: Bone fracture is increasing in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to skeletal fragility. Most antidiabetics are expected to reduce the incidence of fracture in patients with T2DM, however the results are disappointing. Metformin and GLP-1 receptor agonists have a neutral or minor positive effect in reducing fractures.

Effects of combined stressors to TCDD and high temperature on HSP/CYPs signaling in the zebrafish embryos/larvae.

Global warming causes the release of dioxin-like deposits and increases geographical migration, increasing the risk of exposure for humans and animals. In this experiment, we used CYP1A transgenic zebrafish Tg (cyp1a: mCherry) and liver fluorescent transgenic zebrafish Tg (fabp10: Ps Red) as an animal model and exposed to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) at 26 °C and 30 °C, respectively. Morphological changes, histological changes, transcriptome and related genes expression were detected.

Responding to nitrogen removal of constructed wetlands with modified basalt fiber bio-nest under differernt chain-lengths perfluorocarboxylic acids exposure: Decontamination and metabolism.

Modified basalt fiber bio-nest could enhance the decontamination performance of constructed wetlands (CWs), though influence of different chain-lengths perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) were awaited to be investigated. This study explored different chain-length FPCAs that generated the influence on nitrogen removal in CWs amended with modified basalt fiber bio-nest (CW-BF). Results demonstrated a significant decrease of ammonium (NH-N) by 20.

Comparative observation of the efficacy of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with PhotoAcoustic Technology Pulse vs. traditional mode in treating melasma.

Background: Melasma is a common pigmentary skin disorder. Q-switched Nd:YAG laser therapy is commonly used, but its efficacy is limited. PhotoAcoustic Technology Pulse (PTP) mode is a newer technology that may enhance treatment outcomes.

Self-resistance-gene-guided, high-throughput automated genome mining of bioactive natural products from Streptomyces.

Natural products (NPs) from bacteria, fungi, and plants are a vital source of drug leads, with Streptomyces species being particularly significant due to their capability of producing diverse bioactive compounds. Here, we present a fully automated, scalable, high-throughput platform for discovering bioactive NPs in Streptomyces (FAST-NPS). This platform integrates computational biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) prediction and prioritization guided by self-resistance genes, automated cloning and heterologous expression, high-throughput fermentation, and product extraction.

CSF1R inhibition agents protect against cisplatin ototoxicity and synergize with immunotherapy for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach. However, limited research exists on combining cisplatin with CSF1/CSF1R immunotherapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Furthermore, few studies have investigated concurrent immunotherapeutic strategies to mitigate cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.