Development of Mandarin speech test materials for civilian pilots in China.

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[Expression and significance of IFN-γ and IL-4 in the effusion and peripheral blood of chronic otitis media with effusion patients].

Objective: To explore the shift of Th2/Th1 type cytokine profiles in middle ear and peripheral blood of chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) patients.

Methods: Middle ear effusions (MEEs) and peripheral bloods were collected from 30 COME patients between April 2011 and July 2012 at Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 20 healthy controls.

[Survey of quality of life scale for patients with congenital ear malformation].

Objective: To explore the congenital ear malformation (CEM)-specific quality of life (QOL) and examine the effects of total ear reconstruction surgery for QOL of CEM patients.

Methods: A self-composed QOL scale was used for 129 patients with congenital external and middle ear malformation. All patients were requested to fill in the QOL scale before and 1 month after ear reconstruction surgery.

[Vibrant soundbridge implantation (two cases report)].

Objective: To investigate the effect of Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) implantation.

Methods: In accordance with the indications for VSB implantation, surgeries were done for two patients who suffered from either a sensorineural or conductive hearing loss (microtia). Their preoperative auditory thresholds (0.

[Analysis of clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with tuberculous otitis media and mastoiditis].

Objective: To analyze the clinical features and the surgical treatment outcomes of patients with tuberculous otitis media and mastoiditis.

Methods: The medical records of 16 patients (18 ears) with tuberculous otitis media and mastoiditis, who received surgery in Beijing Tongren hospital, were reviewed.

Results: The common symptoms were otorrhea and hearing loss, and 3 patients demonstrated severe sensorineural hearing loss.

[Effects of chronic suppurative otitis media of bone conduction threshold in old patients].

Objective: To research the effects of chronic suppurative otitis media on bone conduction threshold in old patients.

Methods: The files of patients with unilateral chronic otitis media were retrospective analyzed, who were all oder than 60 years, who were inpatient in our department since January 2005 to March 2009. Conventional puretone audiometry test was carried out.

[Development and evaluation of a quality of life scale specific to patients with congenital external and middle ear malformation].

Objective: To develop a quality of life scale for patients with congenital external and middle ear malformation, and to explore its reliability and validity.

Methods: The initial quality of life scale for patients with congenital external and middle ear malformation was constructed based on quality of life scales from home and abroad. A total of 140 patients with congenital external and middle ear malformation had been recruited in the study.

Role of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor beta 1 in otitis media with effusion.

Background: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a disease with complicated pathogeneses which are not clearly known. Increasing interest has been focused on immunological cells, cytokines and their roles in chronic inflammatory states. This study was designed to disclose the existence and roles of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) in the cause of OME in adults, and to investigate the probable role of Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells in OME.

[Congenital stenosis of external auditory canal with cholesteatoma and skin fistulae or sinuses].

Objective: To investigate the clinical features, differential diagnosis and management of congenital stenosis of external auditory canal (CSEAC) with cholesteatoma.

Methods: The clinical information for 10 cases of CSEAC with cholesteatoma was retrospectively reviewed.

Results: The patients' ages ranged from 4.

[Long-term results and an analysis of surgically related factors in myringoplasty with sandwich method].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the prognostic factors on long-term surgical outcome in myringoplasty.

Methods: Retrospective cohort 205 patients (223 ears) with sandwich temporal fascia myringoplasty were analyzed using the multiple logistic regression analysis. The charts of inpatients had undergone myringoplasty before at least 2 years between January 1999 and November 2003 at Beijing Tongren Hospital.

[Long-term surgical results for congenital aural atresia and hearing reconstruction].

Objective: To evaluate the stability of hearing results and complications in long-term following-up who underwent reconstruction surgery.

Methods: Six hundreds and seventy five cases (700 ears) of congenital aural atresia were reviewed from January 1984 to January 2001 at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tongren hospital. Except 40 ears undone hearing reconstruction, 635 cases (660 ears) underwent long-term following-up for 3 to 19 years, with an average of 7.

[Vestibulotomy about the displaced facial nerve].

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of vestibulotomy above the displaced facial nerve.

Methods: From January 2000 to January 2002, eight patients with severe congenital conductive hearing loss underwent the vestibulotomy above displaced facial nerve and reconstruction of the ossicular chain with a total ossicular replacement prosthesis, which all for the congenital middle ear deformity and the facial nerve overhang and concealed the oval window niche or lied inferior to the oval window. In four of eight cases, the facial nerve was transposed in order to access the oval window niche.