Application and effectiveness of artificial intelligence for the border management of imported frozen fish in Taiwan.

In Taiwan, the number of applications for inspecting imported food has grown annually and noncompliant products must be accurately detected in these border sampling inspections. Previously, border management has used an automated border inspection system (import food inspection (IFI) system) to select batches via a random sampling method to manage the risk levels of various food products complying with regulatory inspection procedures. Several countries have implemented artificial intelligence (AI) technology to improve domestic governmental processes, social service, and public feedback.

Update on Regulation of Regenerative Medicine in Taiwan.

Due to rapid development of biotechnology in recent years, the field of regenerative medicine has attracted considerable attention. Regenerative medicine-related regulations have been established in several countries to ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of innovative treatments. Considering the diversity of regenerative medicine, the regulatory framework in Taiwan has been adjusted in response to global trend and local demand.

A chemometric experimental design with three-step stacking capillary electrophoresis for analysis of five tobacco-specific nitrosamines in cigarette products.

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) as carcinogens endanger our health and life from cigarette products. However, the safe range of TSNAs levels in commercial cigarette products has not yet been established. For the purpose of safety and supervision, a three-step stacking approach including field amplified sample injection (FASI), sweeping, and analyte focusing by micelle collapse (AFMC), was developed for the simultaneous determination of five TSNAs levels in cigarette products.

A three-step stacking capillary electrophoresis of field-amplified sample injection, sweeping, and micellar collapse for determination of dabigatran and its active metabolite in human plasma.

A three-step stacking capillary electrophoresis (CE) composed of field-amplified sample injection, sweeping, and analyte focusing by micellar collapse (FASI-sweeping-AFMC) was developed to determine dabigatran (D) and its major active metabolite, dabigatran acyl-beta-d-glucuronide (DAG), in human plasma. After optimization and validation, this novel approach was further applied to monitor 5 real samples, and the 25.2-186.

Identifiable universal fluorescent multiplex PCR equipped with capillary electrophoresis for genotyping of exons 1 to 5 in human red and green pigment genes.

Congenital red and green color blindness is the most X-linked recessive disorder in humans caused by deletions or gross structural rearrangements of the visual pigment gene array that lead to altered the functions of visual pigments in their retina differ from normal. The incidence is about 7-10% in male and close association of X-linked recessive disorders (such as: hemophilia A, hemophilia B, duchenne muscular dystrophy). However, the traditional genetic analysis methods are time-consuming and low-efficiencies.

Stable Luminescent Poly(Allylaminehydrochloride)-Templated Copper Nanoclusters for Selectively Turn-Off Sensing of Deferasirox in β-Thalassemia Plasma.

Highly stable and facile one-pot copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) coated with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) have been synthesized for selectively sensing deferasirox (DFX) in β-thalassemia plasma. DFX is an important drug used for treating iron overloading in β-thalassemia, but needs to be monitored due to certain toxicity. In this study, the PAH-Cu NCs showed highly stable fluorescence with emission wavelengths at 450 nm.

Molecular inversion probe-rolling circle amplification with single-strand poly-T luminescent copper nanoclusters for fluorescent detection of single-nucleotide variant of SMN gene in diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy.

In this study, a simple fluorescent detection of survival motor neuron gene (SMN) in diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) based on nucleic acid amplification test and the poly-T luminescent copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) was established. SMA is a severely genetic diseases to cause infant death in clinical, and detection of SMN gene is a powerful tool for pre- and postnatal diagnosis of this disease. This study utilized the molecular inversion probe for recognition of nucleotide variant between SMN1 (c.

Dialkyl anionic surfactant in field-amplified sample injection and sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography for determination of eight leanness-promoting β-agonists in animal feeds.

The beta-adrenergic agonists (β-agonists) working as repartitioning agents that make the carcass leaner and enhance the feeding efficiency in animals have been banned in the European Union, China and Taiwan. Here, traditional anionic surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were replaced with sodium di-(2-ethylhexyl)-sulfosuccinate (AOT) in field-amplified sample injection and sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography (FASI-sweeping MEKC) for simultaneous analysis of eight β-agonists in animal feeds. The AOT vesicles provided a better resolution of β-agonists than micelles of SDS.

An XIST-related small RNA regulates KRAS G-quadruplex formation beyond X-inactivation.

X-inactive-specific transcript (XIST), a long non-coding RNA, is essential for the initiation of X-chromosome inactivation. However, little is known about other roles of XIST in the physiological process in eukaryotic cells. In this study, the bioinformatics approaches revealed XIST could be processed into a small non-coding RNA XPi2.

Determination of deferasirox in human plasma by short-end injection and sweeping with a field-amplified sample stacking and micellar electrokinetic chromatography.

A field-amplified sample stacking-sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography with short-end injection was established for determination of deferasirox (DFX) in plasma. DFX was extracted from plasma and reconstituted with deionized water (lower conductivity solution). Capillary (effective length, 10cm) was filled with background electrolyte (40mM phosphate buffer, pH 4.

Therapeutic deferoxamine and deferiprone monitoring in β-thalassemia patients' plasma by field-amplified sample injection and sweeping in capillary electrophoresis.

One CE method was established for detecting deferoxamine (DFO) and deferiprone (DFR) in plasma. For β-thalassemia patients, DFO and DFR are major medicines to treat the iron overload caused by blood transfusion. Field-amplified sample injection combined with sweeping was used for sensitivity enhancement in CE.

Biomedical Applications of DNA-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are useful for diagnostic and biomedical applications, mainly because of their ease in preparation and conjugation, biocompatibility, and size-dependent optical properties. However, bare AuNPs do not possess specificity for targets. AuNPs conjugated with DNA aptamers offer specificity for various analytes, such as proteins and small molecules/ions.

Label-Free Fluorescent Copper Nanoclusters for Genotyping of Deletion and Duplication of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Real applications in clinical diagnosis of label-free fluorescent copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) are demonstrated. Double-strand DNA (dsDNA) can act as an effective template for the formation of CuNCs, which can be used to distinguish the deletion or duplication genotypes of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) due to different fluorescent intensities. After PCR, the DMD amplicons reacted with copper ion by reduction of ascorbic acid and generated fluorescence.

Separation of intron 22 inversion type 1 and 2 of hemophilia A by modified inverse-shifting polymerase chain reaction and capillary gel electrophoresis.

An inverse-shifting polymerase chain reaction (IS-PCR) combined with short-end capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) was developed for genotyping of intron 22 inversion Type 1 (Inv22-1) and Type 2 (Inv22-2) of hemophilia A (HA). Severe HA cases are affected by intron 22 inversion around 45-50%. Inv22-1 has higher frequency than Inv22-2.

A novel anabolic agent: a simvastatin analogue without HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity.

For the first time, structural information regarding the role of simvastatin in bone anabolism is described, and a bone-specific statin is introduced. Polyaspartate-conjugated simvastatin was synthesized by solid-phase synthesis with the assistance of microwave irradiation. It displays significant bone targeting and bone formation with less toxicity than simvastatin.

Genotyping of exons 1 to 20 in Duchenne muscular dystrophy by universal multiplex PCR and short-end capillary electrophoresis.

One rapid CE method was established to diagnose Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). DMD is a severe recessive inherited disorder frequently caused by gene deletions. Among them, exons 1-20 account for nearly 30% of occurrences.

Transcriptional Regulation of the Group IIA Secretory Phospholipase A2 Gene by C/EBP in Rat liver and its Relationship to Hepatic Gluconeogenesis during Sepsis.

Background: The present study was undertaken to test hypothesis that altered transcription of secretory Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) gene in rat liver is regulated by CCAAT/enhancer binding protein δ (C/EBPδ), and to assess its relationship to hepatic gluconeogenesis during the progression of sepsis.

Methods: Sepsis was induced by Cecal Ligation and Puncture (CLP). Experiments were divided into three groups, control, early sepsis (9 h after CLP), and late sepsis (18 h after CLP).

Genotyping of intron 22 inversion of factor VIII gene for diagnosis of hemophilia A by inverse-shifting polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis.

This is the first capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis for diagnosis of hemophilia A (HA). The intron 22 inversion of factor VIII gene (F8) causes 40-50 % of severe bleeding disorder of HA in all human populations. Consequently, identification of the disease-causing mutations is becoming increasingly important for accurate genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.

A "turn on/off" scorpion biosensor targeting point mutation of SMN genes for diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy.

A "turn on/off" biosensor for diagnosis of exon 7 of the SMN1 gene was developed by employing a "scorpion primer". This scorpion primer was based on the principle of fluorescence resonance energy transfer using a fluorophore, a blocker and a quencher. It was successfully applied to detect 10 volunteer samples, and not only to in vitro testing.

Universal fluorescent tri-probe ligation equipped with capillary electrophoresis for targeting SMN1 and SMN2 genes in diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy.

This is the first ligase chain reaction used for diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Universal fluorescent tri-probe ligation (UFTPL), a novel strategy used for distinguishing the multi-nucleotide alternations at single base, is developed to quantitatively analyze the SMN1/SMN2 genes in diagnosis of SMA. Ligase chain reaction was performed by adding three probes including universal fluorescent probe, connecting probe and recognizing probe to differentiate single nucleotide polymorphisms in UFTPL.

Microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography for analysis of phthalates in soft drinks.

Microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) is proposed for analysis of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in soft drinks. However, the instability of microemulsion is a critical issue. In this research, a novel material, Pluronic® F-127, which has the properties of polymer and surfactant, was added for stabilizing the microemulsion in the MEEKC system.

Capillary electrophoresis for analysis of deletion and duplication in exon 44-55 of Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene.

In this study, a genotyping CGE method was established for analysis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene deletions and duplications in exon 44-55. A total of 12 DMD exons (exon 44-55) and 2 internal standard gene fragments were simultaneously amplified by using a universal multiplex PCR (UMPCR) and determined by CGE. The conditions of UMPCR and CGE were optimized, including the kinds of polymerase, temperatures in UMPCR, separation matrix, separation temperature, and voltage.

Chemometric optimization of cation-selective exhaustive injection sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography for quantification of ractopamine in porcine meat.

An online stacking capillary electrophoresis (CE) method, cation-selective exhaustive injection sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CSEI-sweep-MEKC), is developed and optimized for analysis of ractopamine (RP) and its homologue dehydroxyractopamine (DRP) in porcine meat. Chemometric experimental design was used to achieve the best possible optimization and reduce the number of trials and errors. The CSEI-sweep-MEKC method enables nanogram per gram level analysis, with limits of detection (LODs) in meat of 5 ng/g for RP and 3 ng/g for DRP (S/N = 3).

Analysis of ten abused drugs in urine by large volume sample stacking-sweeping capillary electrophoresis with an experimental design strategy.

A statistical tool equipped with Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) was used for fast stacking analysis of ten frequently consumed drugs, namely codeine, morphine, methamphetamine, ketamine, alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam, flunitrazepam, nitrazepam and oxazepam, by capillary electrophoresis (CE). This statistical design is expected to help quick analysis with few procedures, avoiding tedious work required because of the large number of variables or parameters. A large volume sample stacking (LVSS)-sweeping CE is developed for concentrating and analyzing the 10 abused drugs.

Analysis of carbamazepine and its five metabolites in serum by large-volume sample stacking-sweeping capillary electrophoresis.

This study establishes a method, using different buffer conductivities and large-volume sample stacking (LVSS)-sweeping capillary electrophoresis, for analysis of carbamazepine (CBZ) and its five metabolites in serum. The capillary (50/60 cm) was filled with a high concentration of background electrolyte (150 mM phosphate, pH 3.5, containing 15 % methanol), followed by a large volume of samples (10 psi, 20 s) with low-concentration buffers (5 mM phosphate, pH 3.