Blastocyst-like Structures in the Peripheral Retina of Young Adult Beagles.

In this immunohistological study on the peripheral retina of 3-year-old beagle dogs, excised retina specimens were immunostained with antibodies against nestin, Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, CDX2, cytokeratin 18 (CK 18), RPE65, and YAP1, as well as hematoxylin and DAPI, two nuclear stains. Our findings revealed solitary cysts of various sizes in the inner retina. Intriguingly, a mass of small round cells with scant cytoplasms was observed in the cavity of small cysts, while many disorganized cells partially occupied the cavity of the large cysts.

A Collaborative Study on the Classification of Silicone Oil Droplets and Protein Particles Using Flow Imaging Method.

In this study, we conducted a collaborative study on the classification between silicone oil droplets and protein particles detected using the flow imaging (FI) method toward proposing a standardized classifier/model. We compared four approaches, including a classification filter composed of particle characteristic parameters, principal component analysis, decision tree, and convolutional neural network in the performance of the developed classifier/model. Finally, the points to be considered were summarized for measurement using the FI method, and for establishing the classifier/model using machine learning to differentiate silicone oil droplets and protein particles.

Three-Year Outcomes of Pars Plana Ahmed and Baerveldt Glaucoma Implantations for Neovascular Glaucoma in Japanese Eyes.

Prcis: Tube shunt implantation through the pars plana was effective for neovascular glaucoma (NVG) for at least 3 years, with few serious postoperative complications observed.

Purpose: The aim was to report 3-year outcomes of pars plana Ahmed and Baerveldt glaucoma implantation for NVG in Japanese eyes.

Patients And Methods: This study examined 41 eyes of 39 patients who underwent tube shunt implantation through the pars plana with the Baerveldt glaucoma implant (BGI group, 26 eyes) or Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV group, 15 eyes) for NVG and who were followed up for over 3 years at Osaka Medical College between January 2009 and April 2016.

Effects of Regorafenib, a Multi-Kinase Inhibitor, on Conjunctival Scarring in a Canine Filtration Surgery Model in Comparison with Mitomycin-C.

Regorafenib eye drops were developed for treating age-related macular degeneration. This study aimed to investigate the effects of this multi-kinase inhibitor on intraocular pressure (IOP), bleb formation, and conjunctival changes in a canine filtration surgery model. Glaucoma filtration surgery models were created in 24 eyes of 24 beagles.

Correlation between laser speckle flowgraphy and optical coherence tomography angiography measurements in normal and glaucomatous eyes.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) measurements of the peripapillary retina and optic nerve head (ONH) in normal eyes and eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Patients And Methods: One eye from each of 46 normal subjects and mild and moderate/advanced POAG patients were included. ONH blood flow acquired by LSFG, circumpapillary vessel density (cpVD, a 250 μm-wide elliptical annulus around the optic disc), and intra-papillary vessel density (ipVD, a 1.

Tau Is Involved in Death of Retinal Ganglion Cells of Rats From Optic Nerve Crush.

Purpose: To determine whether tauopathies are associated with impaired autophagy and involved in the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of rats from an optic nerve crush (ONC).

Methods: Short interfering RNA (siRNA) of the tau gene (si-Tau) or nontargeting siRNA (si-NC) was injected intravitreally 48 hours prior to ONC. The effects of silencing the tau gene on neuroprotection were determined by the number of Tuj-1-stained RGCs on days 7 and 14 after the ONC.

Investigation of scleral thermal injuries caused by ultrasonic pars plana phacoemulsification and aspiration using pig eyes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the thermal injuries caused by ultrasonic pars plana phacoemulsification and aspiration (PPPEA) using pig eyes.

Method: Using a 20-gauge (G) vitrectomy system (Accurus, Fragmatome; Alcon Laboratories) in both the 'open-tip' and 'closed-tip' techniques, PPPEA was performed in pig eyes and the subsequent thermal injuries generated around the scleral wound were measured by infrared thermal imaging (thermography). Post surgery, the state of the scleral wound was observed under a microscope, and a tissue slice containing the scleral wound was then prepared and observed under an optical microscope.

[Quality characteristics and nonclinical/clinical profiles of Etanercept BS SC [MA]].

Etanercept is a dimeric genetic recombinant glycoprotein consisting of Fc domain of human Immunoglobulin G1 and the extracellular domain of human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor type II. Etanercept exerts therapeutic effects on inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis by neutralizing biological activities of TNFα/Lymphotoxin (LT) α. Mochida Pharmaceutical and LG Chem have developed syringe, pen, and vial products of Etanercept BS (biosimilar) as the first biosimilar of Enbrel in Japan.

Bilateral rhegmatogenous retinal detachment due to unusual retinal degeneration in Down syndrome: A case report.

Rationale: The aim of this study was to report a case of Down syndrome (DS) complicated with bilateral retinal detachment (RD) due to unusual retinal degeneration.

Patient Concerns: A 9-year-old girl complained of bilateral visual disturbance during a follow-up examination for myopia and strabismus.

Diagnoses: Slit-lamp examination revealed moderate posterior subcapsular cataract in both eyes.

A Case of Retinal Detachment with Unique Optical Coherence Tomography Findings after Gamma Knife® Radiosurgery Treatment for Choroidal Melanoma.

Purpose: To report a case of retinal detachment with unique optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings after Gamma Knife® (GK; Elekta Instrument AB, Stockholm, Sweden) treatment for choroidal melanoma (CM).

Case Report: A 48-year-old woman underwent GK therapy for CM in her right eye from the macula to the temporal side. While the tumor subsequently shrank, the patient developed radiation retinopathy, which was treated with laser photocoagulation.

P7C3 Suppresses Neuroinflammation and Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells of Rats from Optic Nerve Crush.

Purpose: To determine whether P7C3-A20 can inhibit the phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), depress neuroinflammation, and protect retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of rats from optic nerve crush (ONC).

Methods: The left optic nerve was crushed, and 5.0 mg/kg/d of P7C3-A20, 1.

A Case of Diabetic Macular Edema with Prominent Chorioretinal Folds.

Purpose: To report a case of diabetic macular edema with prominent chorioretinal folds.

Case Report: This study involved a 55-year-old male with untreated bilateral diabetic retinopathy who had undergone cataract surgery at another clinic. Following that surgery, diabetic macular edema rapidly exacerbated, accentuating marked cystoid macular edema and radial chorioretinal folds in the macula.

Effects of Gelatin Hydrogel Containing Anti-Transforming Growth Factor-β Antibody in a Canine Filtration Surgery Model.

In this present study, we investigated the effect of a controlled release of anti-transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) antibody on intraocular pressure (IOP), bleb formation, and conjunctival scarring in a canine glaucoma filtration surgery model using gelatin hydrogel (GH). Glaucoma surgery models were made in 14 eyes of 14 beagles and divided into the following two groups: (1) subconjunctival implantation of anti-TGF-β antibody-loaded GH (GH-TGF-β group, = 7), and (2) subconjunctival implantation of GH alone (GH group, = 7). IOP and bleb features were then assessed in each eye at 2- and 4-weeks postoperative, followed by histological evaluation.

Protective effect of P7C3 on retinal ganglion cells from optic nerve injury.

Purpose: To determine whether P7C3-A20, a proneurogenic neuroprotective agent, can protect the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of rats from optic nerve crushing.

Methods: The left optic nerve of 67 rats was crushed, and 5.0 mg/kg/day of P7C3-A20 (crush-P7C3) or its vehicle (crush-placebo) was injected intraperitoneally for 3 days from one day prior to the crushing.

A Case of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy with HIV Infection in Which HAART Possibly Influenced the Prognosis of Visual Function.

Background: We report on a patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who exhibited extremely active PDR followed by a rapid onset of blindness in the right eye. The progression of visual disturbance in the patient's left eye was slowed after starting highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), and vision in that eye was rescued after vitrectomy.

Case Report: A 72-year-old male developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia stemming from an HIV infection and began HAART at the Department of Hematology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki City, Japan.

A case of optic-nerve hypoplasia and anterior segment abnormality associated with facial cleft.

Introduction: The incidence of facial cleft is rare and ranges between 1.43 and 4.85 per 100,000 births.

Negative impact of AQP-4 channel inhibition on survival of retinal ganglion cells and glutamate metabolism after crushing optic nerve.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether inhibition of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is neuroprotective or neurodestructive after crushing the optic nerve of rats. The left optic nerves of rats were crushed, and TGN-020 (5.0 mg/kg, crush TGN-020) or its vehicle (DMSO, crush placebo) was injected intraperitoneally just after the crushing.

Nitric Oxide Increases the Expression of Aquaporin-4 Protein in Rat Optic Nerve Astrocytes through the Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate/Protein Kinase G Pathway.

Aims: Nitric oxide (NO) is associated with neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. We determined whether NO increases the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in optic nerve astrocytes of rats.

Methods: Isolated astrocytes were incubated under normoxic or hypoxic conditions with or without glucose (5.

Effects of Gelatin Hydrogel Loading Mitomycin C on Conjunctival Scarring in a Canine Filtration Surgery Model.

Purpose: To investigate the effects and toxicities of gelatin hydrogel (GH) loading mitomycin C (MMC) on IOP and conjunctival scarring in a canine model of glaucoma surgery in comparison with conventional MMC application.

Methods: Glaucoma surgery models were made in six beagles. An MMC-loaded GH was implanted under the conjunctiva of one eye (GH-MMC group) and 0.

Changes in expression of aquaporin-4 and aquaporin-9 in optic nerve after crushing in rats.

The purpose of this study was to determine the temporal and spatial changes in the expression of AQP4 and AQP9 in the optic nerve after it is crushed. The left optic nerves of rats were either crushed (crushed group) or sham operated (sham group), and they were excised before, and at 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 days later. Four optic nerves were pooled for each time point in both groups.

P2X₇ receptor activation may be involved in neuronal loss in the retinal ganglion cell layer after acute elevation of intraocular pressure in rats.

Purpose: To investigate whether the P2X₇ receptor is involved in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death after the intraocular pressure (IOP) is elevated in rats.

Methods: After the IOP was elevated to 90 mmHg for 1 h, the rats were subsequently administered oxidized adenosine triphosphate (OxATP) and brilliant blue G (BBG) as P2X₇ antagonists. The rats were euthanized 7 days after IOP elevation for histologic evaluation and at 1, 3, and 7 days after IOP elevation to immunostain for the P2X₇ receptor and neuron-specific class III β-tubulin in the retina.

Antihyperalgesic effect of buprenorphine involves nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide-receptor activation in rats with spinal nerve injury-induced neuropathy.

We evaluated the effect of buprenorphine, a mixed agonist for μ-opioid receptors and nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptors, in neuropathic rats, using the paw pressure test. Buprenorphine, administered i.p.

A case involving an Ahmed™ glaucoma valve transferred from the vitreous into the anterior chamber of the eye with a silicone oil tamponade for the treatment of neovascular glaucoma.

Purpose: To report the short-term efficacy and safety of the transfer of an Ahmed(™) glaucoma valve (AGV™) tube from the vitreous into the anterior chamber, in a patient with neovascular glaucoma who had undergone pars plana AGV(™) implantation and ultimately needed a silicone oil tamponade.

Case: A 41-year-old male with proliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes was referred to us for treatment in December 2009. Although the patient previously underwent several surgeries, he ultimately lost vision in his right eye.

Effects of gelatin hydrogel containing chymase inhibitor on scarring in a canine filtration surgery model.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of gelatin hydrogel (GH) containing a chymase inhibitor (CI) on intraocular pressure (IOP) and conjunctival scarring in a canine model of glaucoma surgery.

Methods: Glaucoma surgery models were made in beagles. As the first experiment, GH was implanted.

The first report on intermediate-term outcome of Ex-PRESS glaucoma filtration device implanted under scleral flap in Japanese patients.

Purpose: This paper compares the outcomes of the Ex-PRESS(®) Glaucoma Filtration Device (Alcon, Fort Worth, TX) implant observed in Japanese patients for 1 year with those of patients undergoing trabeculectomy.

Patients And Methods: The subjects comprised ten eyes of ten cases with open-angle glaucoma for which filtration surgery using Ex-PRESS (P-50) was performed by one operator from February 2008 and observed for at least 1 year (Ex-PRESS Group), and eleven eyes of eleven cases for which trabeculectomy was performed by the same operator (TE Group). For both groups, mitomycin C was used and a scleral flap was created after a fornix-based incision of the conjunctiva.