CSF hypersecretion versus impaired CSF absorption in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus: a systematic review.

Background: The molecular mechanisms underlying development of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) remain elusive. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate existing literature on increased CSF secretion and impaired CSF absorption as pathogenic contributors to CSF accumulation in neonatal and adult PHH.

Methods: The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines.

Substance use, harm reduction attitudes and behaviors among attendees of nature rave parties in Israel.

Background: Few studies have analyzed harm reduction behaviors and attitudes among rave party attendees. Since the late 1980s, there has been a large Israeli rave scene, also known as 'Nature Parties'. However, only a few studies have been conducted among nature party attendees and almost all of them are from a qualitative perspective.

Cannabis use is associated with lower retention in methadone maintenance treatment, but not among schizophrenic- and other chronically psychotic patients.

The findings of studies on cannabis use and retention in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) are inconsistent. To study cannabis use and its relationship to patients' outcomes in MMT with/without lifetime DSM-IV-TR schizophrenia/chronic-psychosis diagnosis. Since June 1993, 877 patients with available lifetime DSM-IV-TR psychiatric diagnosis were followed-up until December 2017.

ADAR1 deletion induces NFκB and interferon signaling dependent liver inflammation and fibrosis.

Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) 1 binds and edits double-stranded (ds) RNA secondary structures found mainly within untranslated regions of many transcripts. In the current research, our aim was to study the role of ADAR1 in liver homeostasis. As previous studies show a conserved immunoregulatory function for ADAR1 in mammalians, we focused on its role in preventing chronic hepatic inflammation and the associated activation of hepatic stellate cells to produce extracellular matrix and promote fibrosis.

Induction of polyploidy by nuclear fusion mechanism upon decreased expression of the nuclear envelope protein LAP2β in the human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS.

Background: Polyploidy has been recognized for many years as an important hallmark of cancer cells. Polyploid cells can arise through cell fusion, endoreplication and abortive cell cycle. The inner nuclear membrane protein LAP2β plays key roles in nuclear envelope breakdown and reassembly during mitosis, initiation of replication and transcriptional repression.

Novel technologies for cancer biomarker discovery: humoral proteomics.

The repertoires of serum autoantibodies differ between healthy people and cancer patients. While in healthy individuals these autoantibodies are directed against a limited number of self-proteins, in cancer patients the antibody repertoires are much further expanded with a wider range of reactivities against other proteins. Although cancer patients clearly mount humoral immune responses, they are not very effective in preventing the progression of the disease.

Antibodies as oncogenes: a hypothesis.

We would like to put forward the hypothesis that cancer patients may produce autoantibodies that promote uncontrolled cell growth and thereby function as oncogenes. Dying cells release proteins that stimulate the production of autoantibodies, an event also known to occur during the earliest stages of tumor growth. If some of these autoantibodies are directed against cell surface hormone receptors, they could oligomerize the receptors and inadvertently transmit growth signals.

Proteomics in cancer vaccine development.

Proteomics is a new scientific field aimed at the large-scale characterization of the protein constituents of biologic systems. It facilitates comparisons between different protein preparations by searching for minute differences in their protein expression repertoires and the patterns of their post-translational modifications. These attributes make proteomics perfectly suited for searching for proteins and peptides expressed exclusively or preferentially in cancer cells as candidates for cancer vaccines.

MHC-bound antigens and proteomics for novel target discovery.

The MHC molecules present normal as well as disease-related and pathogen-derived peptides to T cells as a way of alerting the immune system of the health status of a cell. Proteomic technologies involving immunoaffinity purification are now extensively used to separate MHC complexes from their peptide cargo, and then the peptides are sequenced by tandem mass spectrometry. The identified peptides are tested as vaccine candidates for viral diseases, immunostimulants for treating cancer, and immune-tolerance-inducing agents for autoimmune disorders.

Granulocyte colony stimulating factor does not induce long-term DNA instability in healthy peripheral blood stem cell donors.

To establish the safety of using G-CSF in healthy PBSC donors, we prospectively determined the degree of DNA destabilization in peripheral blood WBC. Donors were treated with SC G-CSF for 5 days. A baseline sample of peripheral blood was collected before G-CSF treatment and consecutive samples were collected on day 5, 1 month, and 2 months after treatment.

The effect of mechanical force on mRNA levels of collagenase, collagen type I, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in gingivae of dogs.

Orthodontic force causes an injury to and subsequent degradation of the attachment apparatus, thus leading to the transposition of the tooth. The gingiva, however, is compressed and sometimes becomes hypertrophic with tooth movement and often shrinks after treatment. To study the effect of force on the gingiva, we applied orthodontic force in dogs and analyzed gingival tissues 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days later as well as after removing the force.

Retinoic acid enhances the effect of collagen on bone union, following induced non-union defect in guinea pig ulna.

Objective And Design: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the involvement of retinoic acid and collagen in wound healing, by combining them in a therapeutic modality for treating a non-union bone defect in a guinea-pig ulnar-bone model.

Methods: a 4-mm disc was excised from the guinea-pig's ulnar-bone, and the space formed between the two ulnar fragments was filled with either collagen solution, retinoic acid solution or a combination of both. The guinea-pigs were sacrificed 2 or 6 weeks later, and the defected ulnar bones were studied by X-ray, by histology and by computerized histomorphometry.

Gingival response to orthodontic force.

Orthodontic tooth movement is brought about by prolonged application of force on the attachment apparatus. This results in cellular and extracellular changes within the periodontium. As shown in numerous studies, tooth movement is achieved after the remodeling of alveolar bone and the response of the periodontal ligament to the mechanical force.

Exogenous non-crosslinked collagen enhances granulation tissue formation in dermal excision wounds in guinea pigs.

Based on previous observations indicating a role for collagen peptides in eliciting a positive feedback for collagen biosynthesis, this study was initiated to elucidate the effect of non-crosslinked collagen on granulation tissue formation in dermal excision wounds. The wounds were treated with either non-crosslinked or crosslinked native collagen, or left untreated as controls. Granulation tissue was analyzed for collagen type I mRNA, for levels of interstitial collagen and for the number of blood vessels.

The effect of centrifugal force on the transcription levels of collagen type I and collagenase in cultured canine gingival fibroblasts.

An orthodontically treated tooth is often destabilized in its newly corrected location and relapses towards its original position. Hitherto, the explanation for this phenomenon was that orthodontic force brings about "stretching" of gingival collagen fiber, which "pull back" the tooth towards its pretreatment position. A previous ultrastructural study showed that after force application the gingival collagen fibres were torn, laterally spaced and of increased diameter.

Reduction in basic fibroblast growth factor mediated angiogenesis in vivo by linomide.

Linomide (N-phenylmethyl-1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxyl-1-methyl-2-oxoquinoline-3-carboxa mide) is a novel immunomodulator with a potent anti-tumoral activity. This study was undertaken to test the effect of Linomide on basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induced angiogenesis in vivo, which manifests itself in an increased number of blood vessels per unit of cell infiltrated area. Subcutaneously implanted polyvinyl alcohol sponges (PVS) in guinea pigs were used as a model system to quantitate angiogenesis in vivo.

Thalidomide reduces vascular density in granulation tissue of subcutaneously implanted polyvinyl alcohol sponges in guinea pigs.

The efficacy of thalidomide in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum is a well established fact; there is also accumulating evidence of its therapeutic value in a number of other inflammatory and immune-mediated conditions. In addition, thalidomide has been shown to be an inhibitor of angiogenesis induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Nevertheless, its mechanism of action remains speculative.

Lack of influence of cyclosporin A on levels of gingival procollagen types I and III mRNAs in rats of different ages.

Previous studies showed that gingival overgrowth following cyclosporin A (CsA) administration is not associated with an increase in interstitial collagen. It also was shown that CsA causes a significant decrease in collagen content within the gingival stroma. In order to determine whether this decrease is caused by down-regulation of collagen mRNA, the procollagen mRNA level in gingiva of young and old rats was measured correlated with the ratio of interstitial collagen to DNA in these regions.

Gingival response to a new multipurpose dental adhesive: a histologic study in dogs.

The biocompatibility of cementing materials is a prerequisite for any dental procedure. In this study, the tolerance of gingival tissue to an advanced fourth-generation dental adhesive (High-Q-Bond) was tested in dogs. The results from High-Q-Bond adhesive were compared with those obtained from Superbond C&B adhesive.

Reduction in pulmonary fibrosis in vivo by halofuginone.

Pulmonary fibrosis is a disorder causing a high mortality rate for which therapeutic options are limited. Therefore, the effect of halofuginone, a novel inhibitor of collagen type I synthesis, on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis was studied in rats. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injections of bleomycin for seven consecutive days, and halofuginone was administered intraperitoneally every second day during the entire experimental period of 42 d.

The response of supraalveolar gingival collagen to orthodontic rotation movement in dogs.

An orthodontically rotated tooth relapses toward its pretreatment position. Explanations for this phenomenon have been given after light microscopic studies, according to which it had been assumed that stretched supraalveolar gingival fibers pulled back the tooth and brought about relaxation of the stretched fibers. The rotational relapse, however, can be prevented by supraalveolar fiberotomy of the gingiva around the tooth.

Levels of cytokines and collagen type I and type III as a function of age in human gingivitis.

The objective of this study was to examine the age-dependent relationships between levels of inflammatory cytokines and collagen in human gingival inflammation. The gingival biopsies were obtained from 142 patients, divided into the following age groups: 6 to 14 years (prepubertal children); 18 to 35 years (young adults); 36 to 54 years (mature adults); and 55 years or above. The patients were also divided according to the severity of gingivitis.

Topically applied halofuginone, an inhibitor of collagen type I transcription, reduces peritendinous fibrous adhesions following surgery.

To test in vivo the effect of previously observed inhibition of collagen type I transcription by the plant alkaloid Halofuginone, deep flexor tendons of 12 chickens were severed and sutured, and Halofuginone was applied topically at the site of surgery. Intact tendons, and severed but untreated tendons served as controls. The effect of the treatment was assessed by histological, biochemical, and biomechanical examinations of the operated and intact tendons three weeks after surgery.