Examining dental providers counseling on human papillomavirus vaccine: Insights from parents and dental professionals.

Objectives: To (1) assess perceptions of parents of patients ages 9-17 years regarding human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine counseling and a same-day HPV vaccine program, and (2) assess perceptions among dental staff who actively participated in the same administration program.

Methods: We conducted a post-evaluation, convenience survey of parents of patients aged 9-17 and dental staff at a large-urban federally qualified healthcare center (FQHC) from July 25, 2022, to August 26, 2022. Parent and staff perceptions were assessed using validated instruments whenever possible.

Agriculture, COVID-19 and mental health: Does gender matter?

Agriculture is one of the most precarious professions, being vulnerable to weather extremes and animal disease. As crises hit the agricultural sector, a growing awareness and concern for the mental wellbeing of farmers developed. Economic decline, climate change and culling animals all have a profound impact on affected farmers.

Mixing behaviour of Pluronics with gemini surfactant/plasmid DNA condensates: effect of Pluronic composition.

Nanoparticles prepared from plasmid DNA (pDNA) and N,N-bis(dimethylhexadecyl)-1,3-propanediammonium bromide (16-3-16) have been mixed with various Pluronic block copolymers and investigated as binary surfactant systems in water using the previously demonstrated critical aggregation concentration of the surfactant-DNA complex. Surface tensiometry was used to determine critical micelle concentrations of mixed micelles formed within these Pluronic/16-3-16/pDNA mixtures. Use of mixed micelle theories reveals that mixed micelle composition and the interaction parameter, β, are influenced by the structure, in particular hydrophobicity, of the Pluronic component.

Calbindin Deficits May Underlie Dissociable Effects of 5-HT and mGlu Antagonists on Glutamate and Cognition in a Dual-Hit Neurodevelopmental Model for Schizophrenia.

Despite several compounds entering clinical trials for the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, few have progressed beyond phase III. This is partly attributed to a need for improved preclinical models, to understand disease and enable predictive evaluation of novel therapeutics. To this end, one recent approach incorporates "dual-hit" neurodevelopmental insults like neonatal phencyclidine plus isolation rearing (PCP-Iso).

Gestational poly(I:C) attenuates, not exacerbates, the behavioral, cytokine and mTOR changes caused by isolation rearing in a rat 'dual-hit' model for neurodevelopmental disorders.

Many psychiatric illnesses have a multifactorial etiology involving genetic and environmental risk factors that trigger persistent neurodevelopmental impairments. Several risk factors have been individually replicated in rodents, to understand disease mechanisms and evaluate novel treatments, particularly for poorly-managed negative and cognitive symptoms. However, the complex interplay between various factors remains unclear.

cationic gemini and zwitterionic surfactants - a thermodynamic analysis of their mixed micelle formation.

Micelle formation enthalpies (Δ values) have been calorimetrically determined at 298 K for three sets of mixed zwitterionic/cationic gemini systems consisting of -dodecyl-,-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (ZW3-12) and a series of structurally related gemini surfactants, the ,'-bis(dimethyldodecyl)-α,ω-alkanediammonium dibromide (12--12) systems. From the experimental and the estimated ideal micelle formation enthalpies, the excess enthalpies were obtained. The degrees of nonideality of the interaction in the mixed micelle ( ) from our previous work was used along with the excess enthalpy values to determine excess thermodynamic quantities of the surfactants in the mixed system according to Regular Solution Theory (RST) and Motomura's theory.

Specific Systems for Imaging.

Microscopy allows for the characterization of small objects invisible to the naked eye, a technique that, since its conception, has played a key role in the development across nearly every field of science and technology. Given the nanometer size of the materials explored in the field of nanotechnology, the contributions of modern microscopes that can visualize these materials are indispensable, and the ever-improving technology is paramount to the future success of the field. This chapter will focus on four fundamental areas of microscopy used in the field of nanotechnology including fluorescence microscopy (Sect.

Non-viral Gene Delivery.

Although viral vectors comprise the majority of gene delivery vectors, their various safety, production, and other practical concerns have left a research gap to be addressed. The non-viral vector space encompasses a growing variety of physical and chemical methods capable of gene delivery into the nuclei of target cells. Major physical methods described in this chapter are microinjection, electroporation, and ballistic injection, magnetofection, sonoporation, optical transfection, and localized hyperthermia.

Why do farm accidents persist? Normalising danger on the farm within the farm family.

In the western world, farming is the most dangerous occupation with the highest rates of accidents and fatalities. Farming remains largely a family business and most accidents happen to family members. Why do safety campaigns have such limited success and why do farm families bring this terrible grief on themselves? This article argues that farm accidents are a persistent social pattern requiring analysis of how families are socialised to interact with the farming space.

Theology and the Politics of Christian Human Rights.

This article provides a rejoinder to recent historical accounts which trace the origins of international human rights to the work of conservative Christians writing in the 1930s and 1940s. Focusing on the French Catholics usually identified as the architects of Christian human rights theory, I argue that this was neither a unified project, nor an unambiguously conservative one. Instead, I stress the political ambivalence of Christian human rights discourse-the way it defied distinctions between right and left, or liberal and conservative.

Characterization of Behavioral, Signaling and Cytokine Alterations in a Rat Neurodevelopmental Model for Schizophrenia, and Their Reversal by the 5-HT Receptor Antagonist SB-399885.

Post-weaning social isolation of rats produces neuroanatomical, neurochemical and behavioral alterations resembling some core features of schizophrenia. This study examined the ability of the 5-HT receptor antagonist SB-399885 to reverse isolation-induced cognitive deficits, then investigated alterations in hippocampal cell proliferation and hippocampal and frontal cortical expression of selected intracellular signaling molecules and cytokines. Male Lister hooded rats (weaned on post-natal days 21-24 and housed individually or in groups of 3-4) received six i.

Cationic Gemini Surfactant-Plasmid Deoxyribonucleic Acid Condensates as a Single Amphiphilic Entity.

A critical aggregate concentration for the surfactant-DNA "complex" or "condensate" consisting of the 16-3-16 gemini surfactant and circular plasmid DNA was determined using surface tensiometry, dynamic light scattering, and conductometry. This surfactant-DNA complex acts as an amphiphile itself, for example, decreasing the surface tension of water until a critical concentration is reached. The evidence presented here introduces a new way of considering these surfactant-DNA condensates, not simply as aggregates in solution but as surface-active agents in their own right.

Effect of counterions on the micellization and monolayer behaviour of cationic gemini surfactants.

The effect of various inorganic and organic counterions on the aggregation behavior of gemini surfactants was examined to investigate the dominant influence of the anions on their micellization and aggregation behavior. This study included eight ethanediyl-α,ω-bis-(dimethylhexadecylammonium) gemini surfactants (GS, also known as 16-2-16) having counterions of chloride (Cl), bromide (Br), malate, tartrate, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), guanosine monophosphate (GMP), cytidine monophosphate (CMP), and uridine monophosphate (UMP). Tensiometry, conductivity and Langmuir monolayer measurements were performed to investigate the micellization and surface behaviour of each surfactant.

Contribution of serotonin and dopamine to changes in core body temperature and locomotor activity in rats following repeated administration of mephedrone.

The psychoactive effects of mephedrone are commonly compared with those of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, but because of a shorter duration of action, users often employ repeated administration to maintain its psychoactive effects. This study examined the effects of repeated mephedrone administration on locomotor activity, body temperature and striatal dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels and the role of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons in these responses. Adult male Lister hooded rats received three injections of vehicle (1 ml/kg, i.

Informal care-giving and mental ill-health - differential relationships by workload, gender, age and area-remoteness in a UK region.

Informal care-giving can be a demanding role which has been shown to impact on physical, psychological and social well-being. Methodological weaknesses including small sample sizes and subjective measures of mental health have led to inconclusive evidence about the relationship between informal care-giving and mental ill-health. This paper reports on a study carried out in a UK region which investigated the relationship between informal care-giving and mental ill-health.

Caffeine alters the behavioural and body temperature responses to mephedrone without causing long-term neurotoxicity in rats.

Administration of caffeine with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) alters the pharmacological properties of MDMA in rats. The current study examined whether caffeine alters the behavioural and neurochemical effects of mephedrone, which has similar psychoactive effects to MDMA. Rats received either saline, mephedrone (10 mg/kg), caffeine (10 mg/kg) or combined caffeine and mephedrone intraperitoneally twice weekly on consecutive days for three weeks.

The preclinical pharmacology of mephedrone; not just MDMA by another name.

The substituted β-keto amphetamine mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone) was banned in the UK in April 2010 but continues to be used recreationally in the UK and elsewhere. Users have compared its psychoactive effects to those of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy'). This review critically examines the preclinical data on mephedrone that have appeared over the last 2-3 years and, where relevant, compares the pharmacological effects of mephedrone in experimental animals with those obtained following MDMA administration.

Cathinone increases body temperature, enhances locomotor activity, and induces striatal c-fos expression in the Siberian hamster.

Cathinone is a β-keto alkaloid that is the major active constituent of khat, the leaf of the Catha edulis plant that is chewed recreationally in East Africa and the Middle East. Related compounds, such as methcathinone and mephedrone have been increasing in popularity as recreational drugs, resulting in the recent proposal to classify khat as a Class C drug in the UK. There is still limited knowledge of the pharmacological effects of cathinone.

Behavioural and neurochemical comparison of chronic intermittent cathinone, mephedrone and MDMA administration to the rat.

The synthetic cathinone derivative, mephedrone, is a controlled substance across Europe. Its effects have been compared by users to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), but little data exist on its pharmacological properties. This study compared the behavioural and neurochemical effects of mephedrone with cathinone and MDMA in rats.

Differential effects of cathinone compounds and MDMA on body temperature in the rat, and pharmacological characterization of mephedrone-induced hypothermia.

Background And Purpose: Recreational users report that mephedrone has similar psychoactive effects to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). MDMA induces well-characterized changes in body temperature due to complex monoaminergic effects on central thermoregulation, peripheral blood flow and thermogenesis, but there are little preclinical data on the acute effects of mephedrone or other synthetic cathinones.

Experimental Approach: The acute effects of cathinone, methcathinone and mephedrone on rectal and tail temperature were examined in individually housed rats, with MDMA included for comparison.

Lost in translation: preclinical studies on 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine provide information on mechanisms of action, but do not allow accurate prediction of adverse events in humans.

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) induces both acute adverse effects and long-term neurotoxic loss of brain 5-HT neurones in laboratory animals. However, when choosing doses, most preclinical studies have paid little attention to the pharmacokinetics of the drug in humans or animals. The recreational use of MDMA and current clinical investigations of the drug for therapeutic purposes demand better translational pharmacology to allow accurate risk assessment of its ability to induce adverse events.

Treatment of patients hospitalized for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: comparison of an oral/metered-dose inhaler regimen and an intravenous/nebulizer regimen.

Objective: Compare the therapeutic efficacy of an oral/metered-dose inhaler (oral/MDI) regimen to an intravenous/nebulizer (I.V./neb) regimen of methylprednisolone, cefuroxime, and inhaled albuterol and ipratropium bromide in patients hospitalized for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).