Publications by authors named "Shorey J"

Infectious disease threats, like the 2002 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) disease, 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1), and the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), pose multisectoral risk with the potential for wide-ranging socioeconomic disruption. In our globally intertwined economy, the impact of such events can elicit economic shock waves that reach far beyond the country of origin. Review of the 2018 Fortune 500 company 10-K filings shows the majority did not document perceived risks associated with epidemics, outbreaks, or pandemics.

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To improve quality of care and patient outcomes, and to reduce costs, hospitals in the United States are trying to mitigate readmissions that are potentially avoidable. By identifying high-risk patients, hospitals may be able to proactively adapt treatment and discharge planning to reduce the likelihood of readmission. Our objective in this study was to derive and validate a predictive model of 30-day readmissions for a small rural psychiatric hospital in the northeast.

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Purpose: To assess the learning environment at our medical school, third-year medical students complete an 11-item survey called the Learning Environment for Professionalism (LEP) at the end of each clerkship. The LEP survey asks about the frequency of faculty and resident professional and unprofessional behaviors that students observed; two of the items specifically address derogatory comments. This study used focus group methodology to explore how medical students interpret the derogatory comments they reported on the LEP survey.

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Interested in the hidden curriculum and the learning environment for professionalism at our school, a group of educators called the RIPPLE Team (Relationships in Positive Professional Learning Environments) created The Professionalism Journal for use by third-year medical students during their Internal Medicine and Psychiatry clerkships. The students are introduced to the online journal and encouraged to use it as a means to pause, reflect on the events of the day, and write about episodes or exchanges they find personally important and meaningful. They are informed that their journal entries will be de-identified and used as the triggers for a facilitated and confidential discussion among their peers at the end of the clerkship.

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Background: UK tuberculosis (TB) notifications are rising due to disease in the immigrant population. National screening guidelines have been revised but cost-effectiveness analyses are hampered by the lack of data on the comparative performance of tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) and interferon γ release assays (IGRAs) in immigrants.

Methods: Three-way evaluation of TSTs and two IGRAs (QuantiFERON Gold in-tube (QFN-GIT) and T-SPOT.

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Rationale And Objectives: Optimization studies for x-ray-based breast imaging systems using computer simulation can greatly benefit from a phantom capable of modeling varying anatomical variability across different patients. This study aimed to develop a three-dimensional phantom model with realistic and randomizable anatomical features.

Materials And Methods: A voxelized breast model was developed consisting of an outer layer of skin and subcutaneous fat, a mixture of glandular and adipose, stochastically generated ductal trees, masses, and microcalcifications.

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Objective: To determine whether professional interpreter services increase the delivery of health care to limited-English-proficient patients.

Design: Two-year retrospective cohort study during which professional interpreter services for Portuguese and Spanish-speaking patients were instituted between years one and two. Preventive and clinical service information was extracted from computerized medical records.

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Objective: To determine the reliability and validity of "standardized patients" to assess clinical performance of internal medicine residents.

Design: Each resident spent 2 half-days interacting with 19 standardized patients (nonphysicians taught to portray patients in a reproducible fashion). Each resident was asked to obtain focused histories, perform relevant physical examinations, and provide patient education or counseling.

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Personnel in the VA dental facilities were screened for the detection of viral hepatitis and identification of factors implicating infectivity. A total of 963 personnel from 126 dental facilities throughout the United States voluntarily participated in the study. The rate of seroconversion for any hepatitis B markers was approximately 1% per year.

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It is probable that two or more different viruses account for non-A, non-B hepatitis throughout the world, with a third agent causing epidemic hepatitis in India and neighboring countries. NANB virus(es) is the major cause of transfusion-associated hepatitis, and is responsible for roughly 20% of sporadic hepatitis cases. NANB postransfusion hepatitis progresses to chronic hepatitis in half or more of cases.

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An approach has been developed for the analysis of hepatitis B viral (HBV) antigenic structure that creates numerical "signatures" of HBV strains. This technique employs high-affinity IgM and IgG monoclonal antibodies (anti-HBsAg) directed toward distinct and separate determinants on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Such antibodies have been used to develop sensitive and specific radioimmuno-assays for measurement of HBsAg-associated determinants in serum.

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The value of monitoring the serum activity of SGOT, as well as markers of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis A virus infections, in the patients and staff of two dialysis units has been assessed retrospectively. Sera were checked each month for SGOT and HBsAg on 406 patients and 170 staff members over a 4-year period. Anti-HBc, anti-HBs, and anti-hepatitis A antibodies were assayed on the stored sera.

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A case of a renal transplant is reported with hepatitis B infection acquired directly from the cadaveric kidney of a previously unrecognized hepatitis B carrier. In retrospect, the recipient's serum became reactive for the virus 6 days postoperatively which was not recognized for ten weeks thereby placing at risk for secondary transmission almost 100 health care deliverers. Of interest, the other kidney from the same donor caused only antibody conversion in its recipient.

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An outbreak of hepatitis B in a residential institution for the mentally retarded was studied. Initially one overt case of hepatitis was noted. A serologic screen of students and employees revealed a total of 12 individuals positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg).

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A postlavage in situ subpopulation of pulmonary macrophages (PM), biochemically distinct from the lavaged population, has recently been isolated from rats. After exhaustive bronchopulmonary lavage to extract the free lung cells, the lungs were excised, homogenized, and filtered, and the resultant cell suspension was allowed to form a monolayer on plastic Petri dishes. Electron microscopic morphometry failed to indicate any morphologic differences in the two populations.

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Radioimmunoassay methods were used to determine both the hepatitis B virus (HBV) subtype and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody (anti-HBe) status of a group of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive blood donors. The study involved sera containing HBV of the three major occidental subtypes, adw2, ayw3, and ayw2. The previously reported association of the y-type virus with HBeAg and the d types with anti-HBe was again observed.

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The effect of whole tobacco smoke and the gas phase of tobacco smoke on the metabolism and phagocytic ability of alveolar macrophages was monitored over a 30-day exposure period. It was demonstrated that both the gas phase and whole tobacco smoke induced a weight loss in exposed rats. Alveolar macrophage oxygen consumption was markedly increased by both exposure regimens.

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A prospective, double-blinded, randomized trial of corticosteroid therapy in patients with severe acute viral hepatitis has been conducted. At the same time, we have examined the prognostic significance of the presence of bridging necrosis in liver biopsies obtained from such patients as well as the predictive value of certain serologic markers. Forty-two of the 77 patients admitted to the trial were shown to have bridging necrosis on their initial biopsies.

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