Optical injection effects in electrically pumped semiconductor nano-laser arrays.

A theoretical analysis is performed on the response of electrically pumped nano-laser arrays to external optical injection. The response to both continuous wave and modulated optical injection is explored. Continuous wave injection is shown to excite several varieties of dynamical behaviour in the array elements including regular dynamics and quasi-periodic behaviour.

Ebola Virus-Specific Neutralizing Antibody Persists at High Levels in Survivors 2 Years After Resolution of Disease in a Sierra Leonean Cohort.

Ebola virus (EBOV) infection results in Ebola virus disease (EVD), an often severe disease with a nonspecific presentation. Since its recognition, periodic outbreaks of EVD continue to occur in sub-Saharan Africa. The 2013-2016 West African EVD outbreak was the largest recorded, resulting in a substantial cohort of EVD survivors with persistent health complaints and variable immune responses.

Scalable parallel ultrafast optical random bit generation based on a single chaotic microcomb.

Random bit generators are critical for information security, cryptography, stochastic modeling, and simulations. Speed and scalability are key challenges faced by current physical random bit generation. Herein, we propose a massively parallel scheme for ultrafast random bit generation towards rates of order 100 terabit per second based on a single micro-ring resonator.

Time-delay signature suppression in delayed-feedback semiconductor lasers as a paradigm for feedback control in complex physiological networks.

Physiological networks, as observed in the human organism, involve multi-component systems with feedback loops that contribute to self-regulation. Physiological phenomena accompanied by time-delay effects may lead to oscillatory and even chaotic dynamics in their behaviors. Analogous dynamics are found in semiconductor lasers subjected to delayed optical feedback, where the dynamics typically include a time-delay signature.

Factors Associated with Delaying and Forgoing Care Due to Cost among Long-term, Appalachian Cancer Survivors in Rural North Carolina.

Background: Little research exists on delayed and forgone health and mental health care due to cost among rural cancer survivors.

Methods: We surveyed survivors in 7 primarily rural, Appalachian counties February to May 2020. Univariable analyses examined the distribution and prevalence of delayed/forgone care due to cost in the past year by independent variables.

Leader-laggard synchronization of polarization chaos in mutually coupled free-running VCSELs.

We systematically study the leader-laggard synchronization of polarization chaos in mutually coupled free-running vertical cavity surface emitting semiconductor lasers in two cases of parallel and orthogonal injection. Specifically, we quantitatively investigate the effect of critical external parameter mismatch such as the coupling intensity and frequency detuning on the leader-laggard relationship utilizing the cross-correlation function. When the difference between two main cross-correlation peak values exceeds 0.

Seroprevalence of anti-Lassa Virus IgG antibodies in three districts of Sierra Leone: A cross-sectional, population-based study.

Background: Lassa virus (LASV), the cause of the acute viral hemorrhagic illness Lassa fever (LF), is endemic in West Africa. Infections in humans occur mainly after exposure to infected excrement or urine of the rodent-host, Mastomys natalensis. The prevalence of exposure to LASV in Sierra Leone is crudely estimated and largely unknown.

Alpha-Fetoprotein-Producing Esophageal Adenocarcinoma With Enteroblastic, Yolk Sac Tumor-Like, and Hepatoid Carcinoma Differentiation: A Rare Case and Literature Review.

We report a case of a 65-year-old man with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing esophageal adenocarcinoma that microscopically consisted of a polymorphous blend of enteroblastic, yolk sac-like, and hepatoid carcinoma components of variable proportions. No histological evidence of Barrett's esophagus was identified. Two weeks post-endoscopic mucosal mass resection, the serum AFP level was 1434.

A comparison of survey incentive methods to recruit rural cancer survivors into cancer care delivery research studies.

Unconditional (upfront) incentives are proposed to improve acceptance of cancer research among underrepresented, racial/ethnic minority populations, but few studies have tested incentive strategies among rural cancer survivors. Descriptive statistics summarized demographic characteristics of survey respondents, and response rates by arm were compared using Chi-square tests. We compared upfront ($2) and response-based ($10 conditional) incentives in a mailed survey of adult post-treatment rural survivors.

Introduction of a Protocol for Structured Follow-Up and Texting of Inadequate and Borderline-Positive Newborn Metabolic Screening Results.

A national protocol for structured follow-up and texting of repeat newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) sample requests was introduced. Repeat samples are needed where the initial sample is inadequate or the result borderline-positive. This protocol aimed to improve the timeliness and completeness of receipt of repeat NBS samples.

Potential Bias in Image-Guided Procedure Research: A Retrospective Analysis of Disclosed Conflicts of Interest and Open Payment Records.

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of positive conflicts of interest (COI) disclosures in United States-based interventional radiology (IR) research as well as the level of agreement between disclosed financial relationships and Open Payment Data for top-cited image-guided procedure research.

Materials And Methods: All publications in volume 30 (2019) of the Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (JVIR) were reviewed to estimate the prevalence of COI disclosures in IR research. Publications were categorized as primary research, systematic review, or other.

Synchronization of polarization chaos in mutually coupled free-running VCSELs.

We numerically demonstrate and analyze polarization chaos synchronization between two free-running vertical cavity surface emitting semiconductor lasers (VCSELs) in the mutual coupling configuration under two scenarios: parallel injection and orthogonal injection. Specifically, we investigate the effect of external parameters (the bias current, frequency detuning and coupling coefficient) and internal parameters (the linewidth enhancement factor, spin-flip relaxation rate, field decay rate, carrier decay rate, birefringence and dichroism) on the synchronization quality. Finally simulation results confirm that in the parallel injection, chaotic synchronization can reach a cross-correlation coefficient of 0.

Targeting Vulnerability with Electronic Location Monitoring: Paternalistic Surveillance and the Distortion of Risk as a Mode of Carceral Expansion.

Surveillance practices, both state and non-state in origin, are deployed increasingly to solve social problems beyond the traditional domains of criminal justice and national security, including public health concerns. Although such "protective" forms of surveillance are proffered by the state as beneficial for those under surveillance, they nonetheless retain coercive dimensions in practice and require the labeling of a group as "risky" in order to justify their use. Following Shelley Bielefeld's (2018) observations about protective state surveillance as a form of paternalism, and Jennifer Musto's (2016) notion of "carceral protectionism," this article uses a case study of the electronic monitoring of people with cognitive impairments to identify the carceral features of paternalistic surveillance and to explore how this practice is justified.

Significant reduction of indeterminate (atypical) diagnosis after implementation of The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology: A single-institution study of more than 27,000 cases.

Background: Urinary cytology is a noninvasive and cost-effective diagnostic and surveillance test in the clinical management of urothelial carcinoma (UC). The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS), published in 2016, introduced definite diagnostic criteria aimed at improving performance in detecting high-grade UC (HGUC) and decreasing the indeterminate (atypical) diagnosis.

Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed and compared urinary cytology diagnoses reported between January 2013 and December 2014 (pre-TPS, 7658 cases) and between May 2016 and April 2018 (post-TPS, 20,026 cases) to assess the influence of TPS in their practice.

Ebola-Specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-Cell Responses in Sierra Leonean Ebola Virus Survivors With or Without Post-Ebola Sequelae.

Background: Ebola virus (EBOV) disease has killed thousands of West and Central Africans over the past several decades. Many who survive the acute disease later experience post-Ebola syndrome, a constellation of symptoms whose causative pathogenesis is unclear.

Methods: We investigated EBOV-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses in 37 Sierra Leonean EBOV disease survivors with (n = 19) or without (n = 18) sequelae of arthralgia and ocular symptoms.

Musical expertise generalizes to superior temporal scaling in a Morse code tapping task.

A key feature of the brain's ability to tell time and generate complex temporal patterns is its capacity to produce similar temporal patterns at different speeds. For example, humans can tie a shoe, type, or play an instrument at different speeds or tempi-a phenomenon referred to as temporal scaling. While it is well established that training improves timing precision and accuracy, it is not known whether expertise improves temporal scaling, and if so, whether it generalizes across skill domains.

Public Deliberation as a Novel Method for an Exception From Informed Consent Community Consultation.

Objectives: Community consultation is required for clinical trials considering federal exception from informed consent (EFIC) procedures. Questions remain about the value of the community consult process and whether it adds intended protections to study subjects. Public deliberation methods that provide baseline participant education and elicit values and opinions about consent options is a novel approach for community consultation.

Observation of flat chaos generation using an optical feedback multi-mode laser with a band-pass filter.

We demonstrate experimentally that flat and broadband chaotic signals can be easily generated by combining a multi-mode laser diode subject to optical feedback with a band-pass filter. Measurements are made of the RF spectra of multi-mode and single-mode outputs from an external cavity Fabry-Perot (FP) semiconductor laser before and after the filtering procedure. In this way it is found that in the chaos regime the low-frequency energy of the single-mode output is enhanced by about 25 dB comparing with that of the multi-mode output.

PTEN loss in prostatic adenocarcinoma correlates with specific adverse histologic features (intraductal carcinoma, cribriform Gleason pattern 4 and stromogenic carcinoma).

Background: The loss of PTEN tumor suppressor gene is one of the most common somatic genetic aberrations in prostate cancer (PCa) and is frequently associated with high-risk disease. Deletion or mutation of at least one PTEN allele has been reported to occur in 20% to 40% of localized PCa and up to 60% of metastases. The goal of this study was to determine if somatic alteration detected by PTEN immunohistochemical loss of expression is associated with specific histologic features.

How women living with HIV react and respond to learning about Canadian law that criminalises HIV non-disclosure: 'how do you prove that you told?'.

The Women, ART and the Criminalization of HIV Study is a qualitative, arts-based research study focusing on the impact of the HIV non-disclosure law on women living with HIV in Canada. The federal law requires people living with HIV to disclose their HIV-positive status to sexual partners before engaging in sexual activities that pose what the Supreme Court of Canada called a 'realistic possibility of transmission'. Drawing on findings from seven education and discussion sessions with 48 women living with HIV regarding HIV non-disclosure laws in Canada, this paper highlights the ways in which women living with HIV respond to learning about the criminalisation of HIV non-disclosure.

Analysis of high-frequency oscillations in mutually-coupled nano-lasers.

The dynamics of mutually coupled nano-lasers has been analyzed using rate equations which include the Purcell cavity-enhanced spontaneous emission factor F and the spontaneous emission coupling factor β. It is shown that in the mutually-coupled system, small-amplitude oscillations with frequencies of order 100 GHz are generated and are maintained with remarkable stability. The appearance of such high-frequency oscillations is associated with the effective reduction of the carrier lifetime for larger values of the Purcell factor, F, and spontaneous coupling factor, β.

Improved annotation of the insect vector of citrus greening disease: biocuration by a diverse genomics community.

https://citrusgreening.org/.