Inherited kidney disease and CAKUT are common causes of kidney failure requiring kidney replacement therapy: an ERA Registry study.

Background: Inherited kidney diseases (IKD) and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are causes of kidney failure requiring kidney replacement therapy (KRT) that major renal registries usually amalgamate into the primary renal disease (PRD) category 'miscellaneous' or in the glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis categories. This makes IKDs invisible (except for polycystic kidney disease) and may negatively influence the use of genetic testing, which may identify a cause for IKDs and some CAKUT.

Methods: We have re-examined the etiology of KRT by composing a separate IKD and CAKUT PRD group using data from the European Renal Association (ERA) Registry.

Iohexol plasma clearance measurement protocol standardization for adults: a consensus paper of the European Kidney Function Consortium.

International consensus supports the development of standardized protocols for measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) to facilitate the integration of mGFR testing in both clinical and research settings. To this end, the European Kidney Function Consortium convened an international group of experts with relevant experience in mGFR. The working group performed an extensive literature search to inform the development of recommendations for mGFR determination using 1-compartment plasma clearance models and iohexol as the exogenous filtration marker.

A stepped wedge cluster randomized trial of graphical surveillance of kidney function data to reduce late presentation for kidney replacement therapy.

Late presentation for kidney replacement therapy (KRT) is an important cause of avoidable morbidity and mortality. Here, we evaluated the effect of a complex intervention of graphical estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) surveillance across 15% of the United Kingdom population on the rate of late presentation using data routinely collected by the United Kingdom Renal Registry. A stepped wedge cluster randomized trial was established across 19 sites with eGFR graphs generated from all routine blood tests (community and hospital) across the population served by each site.

Incidence and Outcomes of Patients Receiving Chronic Kidney Replacement Therapy Admitted to Scottish ICUs Between 2009 and 2019-A National Observational Cohort Study.

Objectives: To determine the incidence and characteristics of ICU admissions in the Scottish population of patients treated with chronic kidney replacement therapy (KRT) over an 11-year period and determine factors associated with post-ICU admission mortality.

Design: Retrospective observational cohort study.

Setting: We analyzed admissions to Scottish intensive care environments between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2019.

Increasing numbers and improved overall survival of patients on kidney replacement therapy over the last decade in Europe: an ERA Registry study.

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the trends in the incidence, prevalence and survival of patients on kidney replacement therapy (KRT) for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) across Europe from 2008 to 2017.

Methods: Data from renal registries in 9 countries and 16 regions that provided individual patient data to the ERA Registry from 2008 to 2017 were included. These registries cover 34% of the general population in Europe.

Care processes and outcomes of deprivation across the clinical course of kidney disease: findings from a high-income country with universal healthcare.

Background: No single study contrasts the extent and consequences of inequity of kidney care across the clinical course of kidney disease.

Methods: This population study of Grampian (UK) followed incident presentations of acute kidney injury (AKI) and incident estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) thresholds of <60, <45 and <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 in separate cohorts (2011-2021).

The Impact of Vaccination on Incidence and Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Kidney Failure in Scotland.

Background: Patients with kidney failure requiring KRT are at high risk of complications and death following SARS-CoV-2 infection, with variable antibody responses to vaccination reported. We investigated the effects of COVID-19 vaccination on the incidence of infection, hospitalization, and death from COVID-19 infection.

Methods: The study design was an observational data linkage cohort study.

COVID-19 in patients undergoing chronic kidney replacement therapy and kidney transplant recipients in Scotland: findings and experience from the Scottish renal registry.

Background: Infection with the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a worldwide pandemic with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, overwhelming healthcare systems globally. Preliminary reports suggest a high incidence of infection and mortality with SARS-CoV-2 in patients receiving kidney replacement therapy (KRT). The aims of this study are to report characteristics, rates and outcomes of all patients affected by infection with SARS-CoV-2 undergoing KRT in Scotland.

A practical guide to diagnosis and assessment of chronic kidney disease for the non-nephrologist.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common. People with CKD have a wide range of comorbidities and, therefore, the majority of non-nephrologists will care for people with CKD. This paper aims to provide a brief overview of the diagnosis and management of CKD for the non-nephrologist.

Decision-making for people with dementia and advanced kidney disease: a secondary qualitative analysis of interviews from the Conservative Kidney Management Assessment of Practice Patterns Study.

Objective: To explore dialysis decision-making for adults who lack capacity due to cognitive impairment, a common and under-recognised condition in those with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Design: Secondary analysis of qualitative data collected during the Conservative Kidney Management Assessment of Practice Patterns Study programme of research was performed. Sixty semistructured interviews were conducted with multiprofessional team members from UK renal centres.

Cinacalcet use and the risk of cardiovascular events, fractures and mortality in chronic kidney disease patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.

With the aim to expand the randomized controlled trial evidence of cinacalcet treatment to the unselected, general chronic kidney disease (CKD) population we analysed a large inception cohort of CKD patients in the region of Stockholm, Sweden 2006-2012 (both non-dialysis, dialysis and transplanted) with evidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). We used marginal structural models to account for both confounding by indication and time-dependent confounding. Over 37 months, 435/3,526 (12%) initiated cinacalcet de novo.

A programme to spread eGFR graph surveillance for the early identification, support and treatment of people with progressive chronic kidney disease (ASSIST-CKD): protocol for the stepped wedge implementation and evaluation of an intervention to reduce late presentation for renal replacement therapy.

Background: Patients who start renal replacement therapy (RRT) for End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) without having had timely access to specialist renal services have poor outcomes. At one NHS Trust in England, a community-wide CKD management system has led to a decline in the incident rate of RRT and the lowest percentage of patients presenting within 90 days of starting RRT in the UK. We describe the protocol for a quality improvement project to scale up and evaluate this innovation.

To Dialyse or not to Dialyse - Is that the Question? A Psychosocial Perspective on Dilemmas Concerning Dialysis for People with Dementia.

There is increasing recognition that the organisation of health care into specialist areas of practice can be counterproductive for older people with multiple morbidities and that dementia can raise particular challenges in health care. In the context of treatment for chronic kidney disease, these challenges concern complex decisions about the suitability and efficacy of dialysis and other treatments. This article draws on a literature review to present a psychosocial perspective on these decisions.

Routinely measured iohexol glomerular filtration rate versus creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate as predictors of mortality in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease: a Swedish Chronic Kidney Disease Registry cohort study.

Background: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) becomes less reliable in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: Using the Swedish CKD Registry (2005-11), linked to the national inpatient, dialysis and death registers, we compared the performance of plasma-iohexol measured GFR (mGFR) and urinary clearance measures versus eGFR to predict death in adults with CKD stages 4/5. Performance was assessed using survival and prognostic models.

International Network of Chronic Kidney Disease cohort studies (iNET-CKD): a global network of chronic kidney disease cohorts.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health burden, yet it is still underrepresented within public health agendas in many countries. Studies focusing on the natural history of CKD are challenging to design and conduct, because of the long time-course of disease progression, a wide variation in etiologies, and a large amount of clinical variability among individuals with CKD. With the difference in health-related behaviors, healthcare delivery, genetics, and environmental exposures, this variability is greater across countries than within one locale and may not be captured effectively in a single study.

Proceedings of the First International Conference on Stepped Wedge Trial Design : York, UK, 10 March 2016.

I1 Introduction Mona Kanaan, Noreen Dadirai Mdege, Ada Keding O1 The HiSTORIC trial: a hybrid before-and-after and stepped wedge design RA Parker, N Mills, A Shah, F Strachan, C Keerie, CJ Weir O2 Stepped wedge trials with non-uniform correlation structure Andrew Forbes, Karla Hemming O3 Challenges and solutions for the operationalisation of the ENHANCE study: a pilot stepped wedge trial within a general practice setting Sarah A Lawton, Emma Healey, Martyn Lewis, Elaine Nicholls, Clare Jinks, Valerie Tan, Andrew Finney, Christian D Mallen, on behalf of the ENHANCE Study Team O4 Early lessons from the implementation of a stepped wedge trial design investigating the effectiveness of a training intervention in busy health care settings: the Thistle study Erik Lenguerrand, Graeme MacLennan, John Norrie, Siladitya Bhattacharya, Tim Draycott, on behalf of the Thistle group O5 Sample size calculation for longitudinal cluster randomised trials: a unified framework for closed cohort and repeated cross-section designs Richard Hooper, Steven Teerenstra, Esther de Hoop, Sandra Eldridge O6 Restricted randomisation schemes for stepped-wedge studies with a cluster-level covariate Alan Girling, Monica Taljaard O7 A flexible modelling of the time trend for the analysis of stepped wedge trials: results of a simulation study Gian Luca Di Tanna, Antonio Gasparrini P1 Tackling acute kidney injury – a UK stepped wedge clinical trial of hospital-level quality improvement interventions Anna Casula, Fergus Caskey, Erik Lenguerrand, Shona Methven, Stephanie MacNeill, Margaret May, Nicholas Selby P2 Sample size considerations for quantifying secondary bacterial transmission in a stepped wedge trial of influenza vaccine Leon Danon, Hannah Christensen, Adam Finn, Margaret May P3 Sample size calculation for time-to-event data in stepped wedge cluster randomised trials Fumihito Takanashi, Ada Keding, Simon Crouch, Mona Kanaan P4 Sample size calculations for stepped-wedge cluster randomised trials with unequal cluster sizes Caroline A. Kristunas, Karen L. Smith, Laura J.

Quality of Reporting and Study Design of CKD Cohort Studies Assessing Mortality in the Elderly Before and After STROBE: A Systematic Review.

Background: The STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement was published in October 2007 to improve quality of reporting of observational studies. The aim of this review was to assess the impact of the STROBE statement on observational study reporting and study design quality in the nephrology literature.

Study Design: Systematic literature review.

30-day mortality after haemodialysis vascular access surgery: a retrospective observational study.

Purpose: The prevalence of haemodialysis is increasing globally. There is a consensus of international opinion that permanent vascular access is preferred for haemodialysis. Patients with end-stage renal disease carry a high burden of cardiovascular comorbidity.