Differential influence of clonal integration on morphological and growth responses to light in two invasive herbs.

Background And Aims: In contrast to seeds, high sensitivity of vegetative fragments to unfavourable environments may limit the expansion of clonal invasive plants. However, clonal integration promotes the establishment of propagules in less suitable habitats and may facilitate the expansion of clonal invaders into intact native communities. Here, we examine the influence of clonal integration on the morphology and growth of ramets in two invasive plants, Alternanthera philoxeroides and Phyla canescens, under varying light conditions.

Alternative stable states explain unpredictable biological control of Salvinia molesta in Kakadu.

Suppression of the invasive plant Salvinia molesta by the salvinia weevil is an iconic example of successful biological control. However, in the billabongs (oxbow lakes) of Kakadu National Park, Australia, control is fitful and incomplete. By fitting a process-based nonlinear model to thirteen-year data sets from four billabongs, here we show that incomplete control can be explained by alternative stable states--one state in which salvinia is suppressed and the other in which salvinia escapes weevil control.

Variability and Parasitoid Foraging Efficiency: A Case Study of Pea Aphids and Aphidius ervi.

When a parasitoid is searching for hosts, not all hosts are equally likely to be attacked. This variability in attack probability may affect the parasitoid functional response. Using a collection of experiments, we quantified the functional response of Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an insect parasitoid of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphididae).