The burden of medication overuse headache and patterns of switching and discontinuation among triptan users: a systematic literature review.

Background: A synthesis of real-world discontinuation and switching patterns among triptan users and rates of acute medication use among patients with medication overuse headache (MOH) is needed to better understand the burden among patients with migraine. The study objectives were to: (1) synthesize rates of switching and discontinuation from triptans; (2) characterize acute medication use among patients with MOH; and (3) describe the associated burden.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted, under the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review guidelines, using MEDLINE/EMBASE from database inception to July 2019.

Sodium nitrate alleviates functional muscle ischaemia in patients with Becker muscular dystrophy.

Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is a progressive X-linked muscle wasting disease for which there is no treatment. BMD is caused by in-frame mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin, a structural cytoskeletal protein that also targets other proteins to the sarcolemma. Among these is neuronal nitric oxide synthase mu (nNOSμ), which requires specific spectrin-like repeats (SR16/17) in dystrophin's rod domain and the adaptor protein α-syntrophin for sarcolemmal targeting.

Renal rupture following extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy.

A 41-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a chief complaint of hematuria three days status post extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. The patient described a three-day history of worsening left-sided abdominal pain immediately following the procedure. She denied any fever, chills, changes in bowel habits, hematochezia, increased urinary frequency, urinary urgency, or dysuria.

Surgery resident working conditions and job satisfaction.

Introduction: Medical students demonstrate decreased interest in surgical residencies and resident attrition after entry into programs has been reported at 14% to 20%. This study surveyed surgery residents regarding working conditions and how those conditions influenced their job satisfaction.

Methods: A new survey was developed to measure residents' working conditions.