Short-Term and Intermediate Efficacy of Tacrolimus for Active Ulcerative Colitis: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis in Japan.

Background and aim Tacrolimus (tac) is used for induction therapy in refractory and severe ulcerative colitis (UC) cases. The aim of this study was to identify the factors contributing to the induction of remission and to assess the endoscopic or histologic improvement rates following induction of remission by tac. Methods This study examined data from 67 UC patients treated with tac for induction of remission out of 515 patients attending Dokkyo Medical University Hospital.

Interdependent versus independent inconsistency: Cultural differences in how East Asian and Western people attribute hypocrisy.

Humans worldwide have long deplored hypocrisy, a concept that has been mentioned in texts dating back 100-1,000 years (e.g., the Analects of Confucius, the Tao Te Ching, the Bible, and the Qur'an).

Size reduction of gastric fundic gland polyposis by de-escalation of acid-suppressive therapy.

The patient, a 73-year-old woman, had been taking acid-suppressive therapy for refractory reflux esophagitis for 10 years. A potassium-competitive acid blocker was administered to strengthen acid-suppressive therapy for worsening symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed an increase in the number and size of fundic gland polyposis (FGPs).

Transcranial electric stimulation motor evoked potentials for cervical spine intraoperative monitoring complications: systematic review and illustrative case of cardiac arrest.

Purpose: We show a systematic review of known complications during intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) using transcranial electric stimulation motor evoked potentials (TES-MEP) on cervical spine surgery, which provides a summary of the main findings. A rare complication during this procedure, cardiac arrest by cardioinhibitory reflex, is also described.

Methods: Findings of 523 scientific papers published from 1995 onwards were reviewed in the following databases: CENTRAL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar, Ovid, LILACS, PubMed, and Web of Science.

Human Face Perception Using Electroencephalography and Magnetoencephalography.

The face has a large amount of information that is useful for humans in social communication. Recently, non-invasive methods have been used to investigate human brain activity related to perception and cognition processes. Electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) have excellent temporal resolution and reasonably good spatial resolution.

Psychological predictors of vaccination intentions among U.S. undergraduates and online panel workers during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: Availability of safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19 is critical for controlling the pandemic, but herd immunity can only be achieved with high vaccination coverage. The present research examined psychological factors associated with intentions to receive COVID-19 vaccination and whether reluctance towards novel pandemic vaccines are similar to vaccine hesitancy captured by a hypothetical measure used in previous research.

Method: Study 1 was administered to undergraduate students when COVID-19 was spreading exponentially (February-April 2020).

Analysis of Endoscopic Evaluation Reliability for Ulcerative Colitis in Histological Remission.

The Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES) is a major endoscopic scoring system used to assign a status of mucosal inflammation and disease activity to patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Using interobserver reliability (IOR), this study clarified the difficulties for endoscopic observers imposed by MES parameters used for the endoscopic evaluation of UC in histological remission. First, 42 endoscopists of four observer groups examined each MES parameter, which were evaluated from endoscopically obtained images of 100 cases as Grade 0 or 1 of the Nancy histological index of histopathological inflammation.

A Case of Crohn's Disease with Cardiac Tamponade Caused by Tuberculous Pericarditis: Assessment of a Rare Phenomenon.

A 28-year-old woman was hospitalized for cardiac tamponade caused by tuberculous pericarditis. She was taking ustekinumab (UST) for Crohn's disease. UST is not considered to significantly increase the risk of developing serious infections, including tuberculosis.

Refractory Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Colitis Improved by Tacrolimus: A Case Report.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) increase T-cell activity and antitumor immune response. However, they also have immune-related adverse effects that can affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. A 62-year-old male patient who had undergone right lung upper lobectomy for adenocarcinoma of the lung received chemotherapy with pemetrexed sodium hydrate, carboplatin, and pembrolizumab to prevent postoperative recurrence of liver metastasis.

A Case of Lung Abscess Caused by Double Immunosuppressive Therapy to Treat Ulcerative Colitis.

A 25-year-old man was admitted to our institution for remission induction therapy to treat a 12-year condition of ulcerative colitis (UC). Previously, he was treated with drugs, such as mesalamine, immunomodulators, prednisolone (PSL), and anti-TNFα anti-body, but remission was not maintained. Therefore, we started remission induction therapy with 20 mg/day of tofacitinib (TOF) to inhibit the action of Janus kinase.

Volition Speaks Louder Than Action: Offender Atonement, Forgivability, and Victim Valuation in the Minds of Perceivers.

On hearing of others' offenses, people frequently intervene to encourage offenders to correct their wrongs. However, externally imposed reconciliatory behaviors may not effectively convince outside observers that offenders value victims' welfare and deserve forgiveness. Four studies examined meta-judgments of victim valuation and offender forgivability when restitution was initiated voluntarily versus externally coerced.

Light-inducible carotenoid production controlled by a MarR-type regulator in Corynebacterium glutamicum.

Carotenoid production in some non-phototropic bacteria occurs in a light-dependent manner to protect cells from photo-oxidants. Knowledge regarding the transcriptional regulator involved in the light-dependent production of carotenoids of non-phototrophic bacteria has been mainly confined to coenzyme B-based photo-sensitive regulator CarH/LitR family proteins belonging to a MerR family transcriptional regulator. In this study, we found that bacteria belonging to Micrococcales and Corynebacteriales exhibit light-dependent carotenoid-like pigment production including an amino acid-producer Corynebacterium glutamicum AJ1511.

Genetic landscape of Rett syndrome-like phenotypes revealed by whole exome sequencing.

Background: Rett syndrome (RTT) is a characteristic neurological disease presenting with regressive loss of neurodevelopmental milestones. Typical RTT is generally caused by abnormality of methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (). Our objective to investigate the genetic landscape of -negative typical/atypical RTT and RTT-like phenotypes using whole exome sequencing (WES).

Author Correction: Transcription start site profiling of 15 anatomical regions of the Macaca mulatta central nervous system.

The authors regret that Luba M. Pardo was omitted in error from the author list of the original version of this Data Descriptor. This omission has now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions.

Supplemental Treatment for Huntington's Disease with miR-132 that Is Deficient in Huntington's Disease Brain.

Huntington's disease (HD) is an intractable neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutant Huntingtin (HTT) proteins that adversely affect various biomolecules and genes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are functional small non-coding RNAs, are also affected by mutant HTT proteins. Here, we show amelioration in motor function and lifespan of HD-model mice, R6/2 mice, by supplying miR-132 to HD brains using a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) miRNA expression system.

Monitoring transcription initiation activities in rat and dog.

The promoter landscape of several non-human model organisms is far from complete. As a part of FANTOM5 data collection, we generated 13 profiles of transcription initiation activities in dog and rat aortic smooth muscle cells, mesenchymal stem cells and hepatocytes by employing CAGE (Cap Analysis of Gene Expression) technology combined with single molecule sequencing. Our analyses show that the CAGE profiles recapitulate known transcription start sites (TSSs) consistently, in addition to uncover novel TSSs.

Transcription start site profiling of 15 anatomical regions of the Macaca mulatta central nervous system.

Rhesus macaque was the second non-human primate whose genome has been fully sequenced and is one of the most used model organisms to study human biology and disease, thanks to the close evolutionary relationship between the two species. But compared to human, where several previously unknown RNAs have been uncovered, the macaque transcriptome is less studied. Publicly available RNA expression resources for macaque are limited, even for brain, which is highly relevant to study human cognitive abilities.

Compound heterozygous intermediate MJD alleles cause cerebellar ataxia with sensory neuropathy.

Spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD) is a group of disorders characterized by progressive ataxia caused by dysfunction and atrophy of the cerebellum or its projections. Approximately one-third of SCD cases are familial SCD, the majority of which are attributed to CAG triplet repeat expansions including spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA)1, SCA2, Machado-Joseph disease (MJD)/SCA3, SCA6, SCA8, SCA12, SCA17, and dentate-rubro-pallido-luysian atrophy (DRPLA). The triplet repeat number of the alleles representing complete penetrance varies among diseases.

Differential age-related changes in N170 responses to upright faces, inverted faces, and eyes in Japanese children.

The main objectives of this study were to investigate the development of face perception in Japanese children, focusing on the changes in face processing strategies (holistic and/or configural vs. feature-based) that occur during childhood. To achieve this, we analyzed the face-related N170 component, evoked by upright face, inverted face, and eyes stimuli in 82 Japanese children aged between 8- and 13-years-old.

Normalization of Overexpressed α-Synuclein Causing Parkinson's Disease By a Moderate Gene Silencing With RNA Interference.

The α-synuclein (SNCA) gene is a responsible gene for Parkinson's disease (PD); and not only nucleotide variations but also overexpression of SNCA appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of PD. A specific inhibition against mutant SNCA genes carrying nucleotide variations may be feasible by a specific silencing such as an allele-specific RNA interference (RNAi); however, there is no method for restoring the SNCA overexpression to a normal level. Here, we show that an atypical RNAi using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that confer a moderate level of gene silencing is capable of controlling overexpressed SNCA genes to return to a normal level; named "expression-control RNAi" (ExCont-RNAi).