A case of multiple cerebral hemorrhages followed by shower emboli.

An 87-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital (day 0) because of acute disorientation caused by multiple acute intracerebral hemorrhages. T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at admission revealed multiple subcortical old microbleeds indicative of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Microbleeds in the right cerebellar hemisphere and acute spotty ischemia in the left cerebellum were also identified.

Watershed cerebral infarction in a patient with a persistent primitive trigeminal artery and contralateral internal carotid artery stenosis: A case report.

Patients with a persistent primitive trigeminal artery frequently have a poorly developed vertebrobasilar arterial system. However, they are not at higher risk of stroke and most are asymptomatic. Left cerebral watershed infarction was identified in a 75-year-old man who presented with aphasia and disorientation on magnetic resonance image (MRI).

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) mimicking a falx meningioma with increasingly massive intracerebral hemorrhage.

When using imaging to diagnose brain tumors, it is important to determine whether the tumor is intra- or extra-parenchymal. An 80-year-old man was found on magnetic resonance imaging to have an enhanced mass that appeared to be in the falx and a massive hematoma in the left frontal lobe; the provisional diagnosis was falx meningioma. However, the tumor and hematoma were found intraoperatively to be completely intraparenchymal.

Fulminant infectious endocarditis caused by with pseudoaneurysms in the superior mesenteric, hepatic, and popliteal arteries: a case report.

infectious endocarditis has a high mortality, major causes of death being cardiac failure, systemic embolism, and sepsis. Pseudoaneurysms, a rare complication of this infection, are not invariably fatal with appropriate treatment. A previously healthy 32-year-old man was found to have multiple cerebral infarctions, and infectious endocarditis with mitral valve vegetation was diagnosed by echocardiography.

A Case of Lymphomatosis Cerebri Presenting with Rapid Progression of Dementia: A Literature Review.

Lymphomatosis cerebri is an atypical form of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), which frequently causes rapid progression of dementia. A 68-year-old woman exhibited rapidly progressing disorientation and a mini-mental state examination score of 9. The fluid-attenuated inversion recovery of a magnetic resonance image (MRI) demonstrated focal areas of high-signal intensity in the right frontal lobe with a small enhancement, which was histologically diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell type lymphoma.

Cerebellar high-grade glioma with H3 K27M mutation: illustrative case.

Background: Diffuse midline glioma H3 K27M-mutant is a distinct subtype of glial tumors newly introduced in the revised fourth edition of the World Health Organization . They are aggressive pediatric tumors with a poor prognosis but have also been reported in adults.

Observations: The authors present the case of a man in his 60s who presented with rotatory vertigo, taste disorder, and right facial paralysis.

Lacunar Infarction Caused by Chronic Subdural Hematoma.

In chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) patients, motor functions usually recover quickly after burr-hole surgery; however, in a rare case, the hemiparesis showed poor improvement after surgery. In that case, investigation of cerebral infarctions is important. Among the 284 CSDH patients with motor weakness, magnetic resonance image (MRI) and MR angiography (MRA) were acquired in 82 patients before surgery when the hemiparesis progressed rapidly.

New Injection Points of Onabotulinum Toxin A for Spastic Paralysis of the Fingers: Eight Cases of Report.

Objective: Onabotulinum toxin A (botulinum A toxin) is utilized to extend flexed extremities in spastic hemiparesis. Injection points are important to obtain a better effect. Injecting botulinum A toxin into the forearm muscles is a standard method for flexed wrist and fingers; however, we developed new injection points in the intrinsic muscles of the hand to acquire more reliable effect.

Pinwheel-Shaped Titanium Plates Should Be Fixed to the Skull Using All Screw Holes to Protect the Plates from Being Bent.

Introduction: In cranioplasty, pinwheel-shaped titanium mini plates are frequently used to cover bone defects produced by burr holes, and it is common to insert screws through only a few of the holes in cranial flap fixation.

Presentation Of Case: A 69-year-old man who had undergone clipping surgery for subarachnoid hemorrhage 16 years previously visited our clinic because a titanium plate had penetrated his scalp one month after he was hit on the head by a wall cabinet. Imaging studies revealed that part of the titanium plate had bent outwards and penetrated the skin.

Subdural Tension on the Brain in Patients with Chronic Subdural Hematoma Is Related to Hemiparesis but Not to Headache or Recurrence.

Background: Hemiparesis is a major symptom of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). Its severity does not always correlate with hematoma size. The authors analyzed hematoma thickness, pressure, and tension to clarify the mechanism of hemiparesis in CSDH patients.

Supraglottic airway device versus a channeled or non-channeled blade-type videolaryngoscope for accidental extubation in the prone position: A randomized crossover manikin study.

Background: It is very rare but challenging to perform emergency airway management for accidental extubation in a patient whose head and neck are fixed in the prone position when urgently turning the patient to the supine position would be unsafe. The authors hypothesized that tracheal intubation with a videolaryngoscope would allow effective airway rescue in this situation compared with a supraglottic airway device and designed a randomized crossover manikin study to test this hypothesis.

Methods: The authors compared airway rescue performances of the 3 devices-the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA; Teleflex Medical, Westmeath, Ireland) as a reference; the Pentax AWS (AWS; Nihon Kohden, Tokyo, Japan) as a channeled blade-type videolaryngoscope; and the McGRATH videolaryngoscope (McGRATH; Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) as a nonchanneled blade type in a manikin fixed to the operating table in the prone position.

Primary spinal cord astroblastoma: case report.

Astroblastoma is a rare tumor that is thought to occur exclusively in the cerebrum. To the authors' knowledge, no cases of spinal cord astroblastoma have been reported. A 20-year-old woman presented with numbness in her legs.

A Case of Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis with a 16-Year Time Interval without Evidence of Cancer Recurrence.

The median time of brain metastasis from the diagnosis of breast cancer is approximately 3 years. In this case report, a 69-year-old woman demonstrated cerebellar ataxia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed enhanced lesions in bilateral cerebellar hemispheres.

Micafungin versus caspofungin in the treatment of Candida glabrata infection: a case report.

Background: Micafungin and caspofungin, which are both echinocandins, elicit their antifungal effects by suppressing the synthesis of β-D-glucan, an essential component of fungal cell walls. If micafungin is not effective against a fungal infection, is it unreasonable to switch to caspofungin?

Case Presentation: An 80-year-old Asian man presented to our hospital with brain and lung abscesses. Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli were identified by sputa culture and Streptococcus mitis was identified in the brain abscess culture obtained by drainage surgery.

Deep Vein Thrombosis in the Lower Extremities in Comatose Elderly Patients with Acute Neurological Diseases.

Purpose: Comatose elderly patients with acute neurological illness have a great risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). In this study, the incidence of DVT and the effectiveness of early initiation of treatment were evaluated in those patients.

Materials And Methods: Total 323 patients were admitted to our ward due to neurological diseases in one year, and 43 patients, whose Glasgow Coma Scale was ≤ 11 and who was older than ≥ 60 years, were included in this study.

Vertebral Artery Dissection Leading to Fornix Infarction: A Case Report.

Background: The subcallosal artery is a proximal branch of the anterior communicating artery and has been recognized as the vessel responsible for fornix infarction. Fornix infarction caused by vascular damage to the posterior circulation has not been reported previously.

Results: A 26-year-old woman suffered from fornix infarction due to artery-to-artery embolism after vertebral artery dissection.

Skull base osteosarcoma presenting with cerebrospinal fluid leakage after CyberKnife® treatment: a case report.

Introduction: CyberKnife® radiation is an effective treatment for unresectable skull base tumors because it can deliver a highly conformational dose distribution to the complex shapes of tumor extensions. There have been few reports of severe complications with this treatment. This is the first published case report to our knowledge of cerebrospinal fluid leakage induced by CyberKnife® radiotherapy.

Relationship of the location of the ventricular catheter tip and function of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

The long-term maintenance of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt function depends on the correct placement of the catheter tip in the lateral ventricle. The relationship between the location of the ventricular catheter tip and VP shunt function was analyzed in 52 patients. The location of the ventricular catheter tip was classified into one of the following five groups: (i) Group A--superior to the foramen of Monro; (ii) Group B--in the center of the lateral ventricle body; (iii) Group C--in the third ventricle; (iv) Group D--contacting the ventricle wall; and (v) Group E--in the septum pellucidum.

Advanced therapeutic strategy for radiation-induced osteosarcoma in the skull base: a case report and review.

A review of patients with skull base osteosarcoma secondary to radiation (radiation-induced osteosarcoma: RIOS) of the pituitary tumor shows the mean survival of approximately 7 months (2 weeks-16 months). This warning prognosis seems to stem from two factors, 1) the anatomical complexity of the skull base for total resection of the tumor, and 2) standard adjuvant therapies for the tumor yet to be established. Contrary to the general belief, the authors report an unusually long survival of a 75-year-old woman with a history of osteosarcoma that developed in the same sequence 20 years after pituitary tumor radiation.