Three cases in which drug-induced hyponatremia was improved by replacing carbamazepine with lacosamide.

Carbamazepine often causes drug-induced hyponatremia. Hyponatremia due to carbamazepine may be improved by changing to the same mechanism of action, lacosamide.

Assessment of oxidative stress in autism spectrum disorder using reactive oxygen metabolites and biological antioxidant potential.

There are several studies on oxidative stress of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), but in these cases there is no study to measure oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity at the same time or studies considering childhood development. Therefore, this study comprehensively assessed the level of oxidative stress in ASD children by simultaneously measuring reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP). The subjects were Japanese, 77 typical development (TD) children, 98 ASD children, samples were plasma.

Evaluation of the efficacy of drug treatment based on measurement of the oxidative stress, using reactive oxygen metabolites and biological antioxidant potential, in children with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, mainly characterized by impairment of social communication and restricted interests. ASD is frequently accompanied by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is characterized by carelessness, hyperactivity and impulsivity (ASD/ADHD). It has been suggested that ASD and ADHD are associated with oxidative stress, that is, that patients with ASD/ADHD are in a state of increased oxidative stress.

Evaluation of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in healthy children.

Background: Measurement of the levels of the derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and of the biological antioxidant potential (BAP) enables simultaneous assessment of oxidation degree and antioxidant capacity, using the same sample and testing equipment. At present, reference values of healthy adults are clarified, but the reference value of healthy children is unknown. This study was undertaken to clarify the age-related changes and the reference values of d-ROMs and BAP in healthy children.

Influence of nanoparticle size on the skin penetration, skin retention and anti-inflammatory activity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the influence of nanoparticle size on the in vitro percutaneous penetration and retention and in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy of percutaneously delivered non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Methods: Indomethacin, ketoprofen and piroxicam were incorporated into nanoparticles. The nanoparticles, or the bulk-drug equivalents, were suspended in a hydrophilic ointment and compared for their ability to facilitate percutaneous drug penetration and retention in vitro.

Impact of Oxidative Stress and Newer Antiepileptic Drugs on the Albumin and Cortisol Value in Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities With Epilepsy.

Background: Epilepsy is a common complication in patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID). There are no reports as yet of the effects of these medications other than their epileptic efficacy. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of the newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on the blood biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in SMID with epilepsy by comparing the therapeutic effects between a group of patients receiving lamotrigine (LTG) and levetiracetam (LEV) in addition to the conventional AEDs (newer AED group) and a group receiving conventional AEDs alone (old AED group).

A study of oxidative stress and the newer antiepileptic drugs in epilepsy associated with severe motor and intellectual disabilities.

Background: Patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) are those who have both severe intellectual disabilities and severe physical disabilities. Intractable epilepsy is often associated with SMID. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between epilepsy associated with SMID and oxidative stress, and to clarify the safety and efficacy of the newer antiepileptic drugs (newer AEDs), lamotrigine and levetiracetam.

Oxidative Stress Measurement and Prediction of Epileptic Seizure in Children and Adults With Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities.

Background: The medical care of severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) depends on the empirical medical care. Epileptic seizure specific to SMID is difficult to suppress using anti-epileptic drugs, and its tendency to persist for long periods poses an issue. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between epileptic seizure in cases with SMID and oxidative stress in the living body by examining endogenous antioxidants, the degree of oxidation (reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs)), and the biological antioxidant potential (BAP) as indicators.

Ameliorative effects of Eriobotrya japonica seed extract on cellular aging in cultured rat fibroblasts.

To investigate the effects of Eriobotrya japonica seed extract (ESE) on cellular aging, intracellular calcium homeostasis in young and senescent cells was analyzed using a rat fibroblast culture as an in vitro model system and a calcium imaging technique. The application of bradykinin (BK) transiently elicited intracellular calcium ion (Ca(2+)) increased in most of the young fibroblasts, whereas these responses were scarcely observed or were significantly attenuated in senescent cells. However, the long-term treatment of senescent cells with ESE (for 7 days) dose-dependently increased the amplitude of BK-induced responses and the percentage of BK-responding cells.

Eriobotrya japonica seed extract and deep sea water protect against indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats.

We have previously reported that Eriobotrya japonica seed extract (ESE) is effective for the treatment of various gastric mucosal injuries. For the pharmaceutical preparation of ESE, we are evaluating deep sea water (DSW), which contains trace elements and has a homeostasis-enhancing effect, as the solvent. In this study, we prepared DSW containing ESE (ESE + DSW) and evaluated its usefulness for the prevention of gastric mucosal injuries using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced acute gastric mucosal injury models in male Wistar/ST rats.

Immunomodulatory effect of Eriobotrya japonica seed extract on allergic dermatitis rats.

We examined the immunomodulatory effect of Eriobotrya japonica seed extract (ESE) on rat allergic dermatitis elicited by repeated dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) application on the ear. Oral administration of ESE significantly inhibited development of allergic dermatitis based on lower ear thickness and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Th1 cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), Th2 cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the lesional skin were determined.

Effects of Eriobotrya japonica seed extract on oxidative stress in rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Objectives: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is associated with the deposition of lipid droplets in the liver, and is characterised histologically by the infiltration of inflammatory cells, hepatocellular degeneration and liver fibrosis. Oxidative stress may play an important role in the onset and deterioration of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. We previously reported that an Eriobotrya japonica seed extract, extracted in 70% ethanol, exhibited antioxidant actions in vitro and in vivo.

Animal studies supporting the inhibition of mast cell activation by Eriobotrya japonica seed extract.

Objectives: The potent antioxidant activity of Eriobotrya japonica seed extract (ESE) and its usefulness in the prevention and treatment of various disorders has been reported previously. Its antioxidant activity associated with beta-sitosterol and polyphenols contained in the extract was also validated. In this study, anti-allergic activity of Eriobotrya japonica seed extract was investigated.

Gastroprotective activity of Eriobotrya japonica seed extract on experimentally induced gastric lesions in rats.

The effect of Eriobotrya japonica seed extract (ESE) prepared with 70% ethanol on gastric mucosal injury was investigated. Six experimental models with different action mechanisms were used for the evaluation. Three concentrations of ESE were prepared for each model.

Effect of orally administered Eriobotrya japonica seed extract on allergic contact dermatitis in rats.

The anti-allergic activity of Eriobotrya japonica seeds extract (ESE) was investigated. Oral administration of ESE dramatically inhibited ear swelling due to allergic contact dermatitis caused by repeated application of two antigens, 4-ethoxymethylene-2-phenyl-2-oxazolin-5-one (oxazolone) and dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), respectively. The increase of histamine content in inflamed ear tissue induced by oxazolone and DNFB was significantly antagonized by orally administered ESE.

Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by Eriobotrya japonica seed extract.

We have clarified that Eriobotrya japonica seed extract has strong antioxidative activity, and is effective for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, such as hepatopathy and nephropathy. In this study, to investigate the influences of components of Eriobotrya japonica seed extract on its antioxidative activity, extracts were prepared using various solvents (n-hexane (Hex), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH), methanol (MeOH) and H2O) and the antioxidative activity of the solvent fractions and components was evaluated based on the scavenging of various radicals (DPPH and O2(-)) measured by the ESR method and the inhibition of Fe3+-ADP induced NADPH dependent lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. The radical scavenging activities and inhibitory activities on lipid peroxidation differed among the solvent fractions and components.

The effect of Eriobotrya japonica seed extract on oxidative stress in adriamycin-induced nephropathy in rats.

Eriobotrya japonica has been used as a medicinal plant for a long time, and its leaves are known to have many physiological actions such as anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and expectoran. In contrast, Eriobotrya japonica seeds are only known to contain amygdalin, and almost no investigations of its pharmacological action have been performed. Moreover, some anticancer agents such as adriamycin cause renal disorders as an adverse effect, and the mechanism of the adverse effect is considered to involve oxidative stress.

Difference between deep seawater and surface seawater in the preventive effect of atherosclerosis.

Using surface and deep seawater collected in the sea area of Muroto Cape (Kochi, Japan), desalinated drinking samples of about 1200 hardness were prepared and examined for the effects on the prevention of atherosclerosis in dietary induced hyperlipidemia rabbits. The plasma LDL cholesterol level was lower in the deep seawater group than in the surface seawater group. GPx activity was significantly higher in the deep seawater group than in the control group, while there was no difference between the surface seawater and control groups.

Pharmacological activity of deep-sea water: examination of hyperlipemia prevention and medical treatment effect.

When normal rabbits were administered various samples of deep-sea water, their biochemical values changed within normal limits, and no differences from distilled water administration (control) group levels were observed. Furthermore, no histopathological changes were observed in internal organs on the 28th day after administration. The serum total cholesterol (T-Cho) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-Cho) levels of normal rabbits fed with a 1% cholesterol-containing diet simultaneously administered deep-sea water (desalinated water, hardness 28, 300, and 1200) increased with time up to about 1500 mg/dl.

Relationship between the eosinophilia of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the severity of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in rats.

A large number of studies have demonstrated that the presence of eosinophils in the lungs of patients with pulmonary fibrosis correlates with poor prognosis or resistance to therapy. However, direct evidence of the relationship between the influx of eosinophil and pulmonary fibrosis has not yet been described experimentally. In this article, pulmonary fibrosis was induced by different doses of bleomycin (BLM) and using different aged rats.

Effect of Sho-saiko-to extract on hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in dimethylnitrosamine induced liver injury rats.

Sho-saiko-to extract, a Chinese herbal medicine, is widely used for treatment of chronic hepatitis in Japan. However, it is not clear what conditions Sho-saiko-to extract improves hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. We therefore induced various stages of liver injury in model rats and administered Sho-saiko-to extract.

Effects of extract derived from Eriobotrya japonica on liver function improvement in rats.

Eriobotrya japonica is considered a medicinal plant, and its leaves (Eriobotrya folia) have been used to treat skin diseases, as well as to relieve inflammation, pain, coughing, and sputa. In our evaluation of the pharmacological efficacy of the seed extracts, constituents of the seeds were found to contain the unsaturated fatty acids linolenic and linoleic acids and the sterol beta-sitosterol in the 70% EtOH and the MeOH extracts. The seed extracts were orally administered to rats with dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatopathy, and blood L-asparate aminotransferase (AST) and L-alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, liver retinoid level, and hydroxyproline level were measured.