Publications by authors named "Shoji Shinkai"
Article Synopsis
- The Saitama Prefecture Silver Human Resources Center Federation and Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology launched a frailty prevention class business model in 2018, aiming to compensate SHRC members for operating the classes.
- A survey of 58 SHRCs showed that 74.1% participated in the training for supporters, and 58.6% implemented the project.
- Of those implementing, 39.7% offered rewards for supporters, and 75% of those who started the project by 2021 continued for over two years, facing challenges in initiation and management.
Article Synopsis
- A new assessment tool was created to evaluate early low nutrition risk in older adults, addressing a gap in available resources.
- 1,192 elderly participants helped test this tool using a questionnaire, leading to the identification of 13 specific items across four factors: health beliefs, dietary status, physical activity, and food-related quality of life.
- The tool demonstrated strong reliability and significant correlations with key health indicators, indicating it can effectively identify nutrition risk in the general older population.
Purpose: Evidence regarding the dose-response curve shapes of physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) in older adults with functional disability (FD) is extremely limited. Moreover, these associations may differ depending on with/without frailty. We examined the dose-response associations between moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and ST with FD among older adults with/without frailty.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis prospective study examined the associations of dog/cat ownership with incident disabling dementia using propensity score matching based on the physical, social, and psychological characteristics of dog and cat owners. We also examined associations of the interaction between dog/cat ownership and exercise habit and social isolation with dementia. Overall, 11,194 older adults selected using stratified and random sampling strategies in 2016 were analyzed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: To examine the effects of employment engagement, classified by frailty and working status, on the incidence of disability in urban community-dwelling older adults.
Methods: We used data from 6386 initially nondisabled residents aged 65-84 years from Ota City, Tokyo, Japan, in 2016. The observation duration was 3.
Background: Serum growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is associated with age-related adverse outcomes. However, renal function has not been thoroughly evaluated in studies addressing the association between GDF15 and mortality. We aimed to clarify whether GDF15 is associated with total mortality after carefully controlling renal function markers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- - This study investigates the link between dietary variety and the risk of disabling dementia in older Japanese adults using a Dietary Variety Score (DVS) based on ten food components.
- - Conducted over a 6.8-year follow-up with 4972 participants, the study found that those with higher dietary variety (5-10 points on the DVS) had a significantly lower incidence of disabling dementia compared to those with the lowest variety (0-2 points).
- - The findings suggest that promoting a diverse diet could be an effective public health strategy to reduce dementia risk in older populations.
Preventing frailty is crucial in aging societies. We examined the effectiveness of a community-based frailty-prevention program for delaying the onset of functional disability among community-dwelling older adults. From 2014 to 2019, 48 community-based frailty prevention classes (FPC, 60 min/session, once a week), comprising resistance exercise and nutritional or psychosocial programs, were established in Yabu City, Japan.
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- The study analyzed the medical and long-term care costs over 18 months for pet owners versus non-owners among older adults in Japan, involving 460 participants aged 65 and older.
- Findings showed that while pet owners had slightly higher medical costs at the start, there was no significant difference in costs between the two groups over the follow-up period.
- Notably, pet owners experienced lower long-term care costs, approximately half that of non-pet owners, suggesting they might rely on long-term care services less or utilize lighter options.
Article Synopsis
- Healthy behaviours, such as regular exercise, good eating habits, and social participation, are linked to a lower risk of disability in older adults.
- The study analyzed data from 1,357 seniors aged 65 and over, finding that those who engaged in all healthy behaviours had a 31% lower risk of incident disabilities compared to those who practiced just one.
- However, issues like smoking and depression were barriers to adopting these healthy behaviours, highlighting the need for strategies that promote multiple aspects of a healthy lifestyle among older individuals.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates the relationship between physical activity (PA) levels and sitting time with all-cause mortality in older adults (aged 65-84) in Japan, addressing a gap in research on this population.
- - Among the 8,069 participants, higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were linked to a significant decrease in mortality risk during a 4.1-year follow-up, with maximum benefits observed at approximately 3,000-4,500 metabolic equivalents (METs)·minutes/week.
- - No significant link was found between sitting time and mortality, highlighting the importance of promoting even small increases in physical activity to reduce mortality risk among older adults.
Article Synopsis
- The study examined the link between urinary sodium/potassium (Na/K) ratio and hypertension in older adults, finding a significant association with systolic blood pressure and several demographic factors.
- It involved 684 participants from Kusatsu, Japan, and revealed that dietary habits, especially milk, fruit, and vegetable consumption, impacted the Na/K ratio.
- Results suggest that nutritional education could play a vital role in managing hypertension among older adults by influencing their dietary choices.
Background: Few studies have examined the state of oral function in older adults with sarcopenia. We assessed the oral functions of community-dwelling older adults with sarcopenia from multiple perspectives to clarify their potentially low oral function.
Methods: A total of 1517 (86.
Objectives: Multicomponent interventions reduce falls among community-dwelling older adults. However, whether this strategy helps reduce occupational falls among older workers is unclear. This pilot trial tested the safety, adherence, and potential effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention for older workers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpact of number of functional teeth on independence of Japanese older adults.
Geriatr Gerontol Int
December 2022
Aim: To examine the relationship between the number of present and functional teeth at baseline and future incidence of loss of independence.
Methods: Participants were community-dwelling older individuals who participated in a comprehensive geriatric health examination conducted in Kusatsu town, Japan, between 2009 and 2015. The primary endpoint was the incidence of loss of independence among participants, defined as the first certification of long-term care insurance in Japan.
With the topical focus on the prevention of and countermeasures for frailty, scattered studies have subdivided its social elements and aspects as "social frailty." While the concepts and definition of "social frailty" are yet to be established, the purpose of using the term is to capture the attention of professionals using the social aspects of frailty to support older adults. The goal is to increase healthy life expectancy by recognizing that social factors are unlikely to pose a risk of functional decline in isolation, but may increase such a decline when combined with other factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA limited number of longitudinal studies have explored factors contributing to decreases in tongue pressure (TP). This longitudinal study aimed to clarify the factors affecting TP decline among community-dwelling older adults. We followed the Takashimadaira Study participants with a baseline TP ≥ 30 kPa for 2 years.
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- The study developed a modified Dietary Variety Score (MDVS) to better assess the food intake variety of older Japanese adults, since the original Dietary Variety Score (DVS) has not been updated since the 1990s.
- A cross-sectional study involved 357 adults aged 65 and older, using food consumption data to compare the original DVS with the new MDVS.
- Results showed that the MDVS was positively correlated with important dietary indicators, suggesting it may provide a more accurate reflection of current dietary habits in this population.
The role of personality in determining the association between social participation and mental health was examined by a cross-sectional study. We analyzed data from 4981 older adults aged 65-84 years who were recruited via a mail survey in one region of Japan. We defined poor mental health using a score ≤12 points on the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index-Japanese.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Population aging is likely to increase the number of people with dementia living in urban areas. The Trail Making Test (TMT) is widely used as a cognitive task to measure attention and executive function among older adults. Normative data from a sample of community-dwelling older adults are required to evaluate the executive function of this population.
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- This study followed 536 adults over 65 to explore how unhealthy behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic affected their functional capacity.
- Participants were categorized into healthy and unhealthy behavior groups based on changes in activities like social interactions and exercise before and after Japan's state of emergency.
- Key findings showed that factors such as being male, having diabetes, experiencing depression, and poor economic status were linked to unhealthy behaviors, which were associated with a significant decline in functional capacity.
Article Synopsis
- This study identifies modifiable intrinsic factors that can lead to falls in older workers during occupational activities, highlighting the need for effective prevention strategies.
- The research involved a survey of 1,164 workers aged 60 and above in Saitama, Japan, assessing factors like medication use, functional strength, and balance.
- Key findings showed that certain risk factors, including the use of fall-risk-increasing medications, reduced functional strength, and poor balance, were significantly associated with an increased incidence of falls among older workers.