Background: An increasing number of women are undergoing breast implantation for cosmetic purposes or for reconstructive purposes after breast excision. The surface morphology of the breast implant is a key factor associated with the induction of capsule contraction. The effect of surface morphology on the inflammatory response after implant insertion remains unclear, however.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOptimal conditions for wound healing require a smooth transition from the early stage of inflammation to proliferation, and during this time alternatively activated (M2) macrophages play a central role. Recently, heat-killed lactic acid bacteria (LAB), such as Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) have been reported as possible modulators affecting the immune responses in wound healing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFT cell immunity is crucial for long-term immunological memory, but the profile of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific memory T cells in individuals who recovered from COVID-19 (COVID-19-convalescent individuals) is not sufficiently assessed. In this study, the breadth and magnitude of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses were determined in COVID-19-convalescent individuals in Japan. Memory T cells against SARS-CoV-2 were detected in all convalescent individuals, and those with more severe disease exhibited a broader T cell response relative to cases with mild symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPersistence of HIV latently infected cells is a barrier to HIV cure. The "kick and kill" strategy for a cure includes clearance of the viral reservoir by HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). However, exhaustion and senescence of T cells accelerates during HIV infection, and does not fully recover, despite complete viral suppression under antiretroviral therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to have beneficial effects on immune responses when they are orally administered as bacterial products. Although the beneficial effects of LAB have been reported for the genera and , little has been uncovered on the effects of the genus on skin wound-healing. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effect of heat-killed KH2 (heat-killed KH2) strain on the wound-healing process and to evaluate the therapeutic potential in chronic skin wounds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncrease of the enteric bacteriophages (phage), components of the enteric virome, has been associated with the development of inflammatory bowel diseases. However, little is known about how a given phage contributes to the regulation of intestinal inflammation. In this study, we isolated a new phage associated with Enterococcus gallinarum, named phiEG37k, the level of which was increased in C57BL/6 mice with colitis development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: This study aimed to clarify how SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia is related to COVID-19 critical condition development and mortality in comparison with other predictive markers and scoring systems.
Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study conducted at Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital and National Institute of Infectious Diseases. We recruited adult patients with COVID-19 admitted between March 2020 and January 2021.
Adoptive immunotherapy has emerged as a powerful approach to cure cancer and chronic infections. Currently, the generation of a massive number of T cells that provide long-lasting immunity is challenged by exhaustion and differentiation-associated senescence, which inevitably arise during in vitro cloning and expansion. To circumvent these problems, several studies have proposed an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-mediated rejuvenation strategy to revitalize the exhausted/senescent T cell clones.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic infections are considered one of the most severe problems in skin wounds, and bacteria are present in over 90% of chronic wounds. is frequently isolated from chronic wounds and is thought to be a cause of delayed wound healing. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, unique lymphocytes with a potent regulatory ability in various inflammatory responses, accelerate the wound healing process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHLA-A, -C, -B, and -DRB1 genotypes were analyzed in 178 Japanese COVID-19 patients to investigate the association of HLA with severe COVID-19. Analysis of 32 common HLA alleles at four loci revealed a significant association between HLA-DRB1*09:01 and severe COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR], 3.62; 95% CI, 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFC-type lectin receptors recognize microbial polysaccharides. The C-type lectin receptors such as dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin (Dectin)-1 and Dectin-2, which are triggered by β-glucan and α-mannan, respectively, contribute to upregulation of the inflammatory response. Recently, we demonstrated that activation of the Dectin-2 signal delayed wound healing; in previous studies, triggering the Dectin-1 signal promoted this response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInterferon (IFN)-γ is mainly secreted by CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1), natural killer (NK) and NKT cells after skin injury. Although IFN-γ is well known regarding its inhibitory effects on collagen synthesis by fibroblasts in vitro, information is limited regarding its role in wound healing in vivo. In the present study, we analyzed how the defect of IFN-γ affects wound healing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) method for analysis of D4, D5, and D6 cyclic siloxanes in silicone emulsions is described. Sample preparation involves breaking the emulsion with methanol and hexanes, and then analyzing the hexanes phase after derivatization with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS). Silylation is performed to reduce the potential for formation of cyclic siloxanes during the course of the GC analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVascular endothelial cells can absorb higher radiation doses than any other tissue in the body, and post-radiation impaired endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) function may be developed as a potential contributor to the pathogenesis of vascular injury. In this study, we investigated early alterations of eNOS signaling in human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to X-ray radiation. We found that ionizing radiation increased eNOS phosphorylation at Ser-1177 and dephosphorylation at Thr-495 in HUVECs in a dose-dependent (≤ 20 Gy) and time-dependent (6-72 h) manner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe large intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells are exposed to a variety of molecules derived from commensal microbiota that can activate innate receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors (RLRs). Although the activation of these receptors is known to be critical for homeostasis of the large intestine, the underlying gene regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we show that IFN regulatory factor (IRF)3 is critical for the suppression of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough the mechanisms by which innate pathogen-recognition receptors enhance adaptive immune responses are increasingly well understood, whether signaling events from distinct classes of receptors affect each other in modulating adaptive immunity remains unclear. We found here that the activation of cytosolic RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) resulted in the selective suppression of transcription of the gene encoding the p40 subunit of interleukin 12 (Il12b) that was effectively induced by the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The RLR-activated transcription factor IRF3 bound dominantly, relative to IRF5, to the Il12b promoter, where it interfered with the TLR-induced assembly of a productive transcription-factor complex.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnderstanding the removal factor for specific conditions is essential to estimate removable surface contamination levels by wiping. The removal characteristics of dry foamed polystyrene pads and filter paper applied to polyvinyl chloride flooring are investigated using C-thymidine under various conditions (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFtsY is a signal recognition particle receptor in Escherichia coli that mediates the targeting of integral membrane proteins to translocons by interacting with both signal recognition particle (SRP)-nascent polypeptide-ribosome complexes and the cytoplasmic membrane. Genes encoding the N-terminal segments of Streptomyces lividans FtsY were fused to a gene encoding the E. coli FtsY NG domain (truncated versions of FtsY lacking the transient membrane-anchor domain at the N-terminus), introduced into a conditional ftsY-deletion mutant of E.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFApoptosis induced by an alkylated purine, 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP), was investigated to explore the p53-independent pathway in a human lymphoma U937 cell line. Here, it was discovered that the apoptosis was induced by 6-DMAP in a dose- and time-dependent manner and treatment for 16 h at a concentration of 5 mM induced apparent DNA fragmentation, phosphatidylserine externalization and lowering of the mitochondrial membrane potential, which are typical markers of apoptosis. Western blotting revealed reduced expression in Bcl-XL, increased expression in Bax and release of cytochrome c.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA simple monitoring programme by urine bioassay was carried out to assess internal doses for workers in a biomedical research facility. Urine samples were measured without chemical treatment using a liquid scintillation counter or sodium iodide (NaI (Tl)) scintillation detector. The detection limits for the committed effective doses were below 1 mSv for 125I and 131I and below 1 x 10(-1) mSv for 3H, 14C, 32P, 35S and 51Cr, in the case that samples were collected within 3 d after handling.
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