Vibrio fluvialis Bacteremia in an Immunocompetent Patient with Acute Cholangitis.

Vibrio fluvialis is a bacterium that can be found in both seawater and freshwater, and it is responsible for causing gastroenteritis and cholangitis. V. fluvialis bacteremia has rarely been reported.

The risk of fatal bleeding complications in jugular catheterization in patients with coagulopathy: A retrospective analysis of death cases in closed claims and the Medical Accident Investigating System in Japan.

Background: To prevent recurrence of medical accidents, the Medical Accident Investigating System was implemented in October 2015 by the Japan Medical Safety Research Organization (Medsafe Japan) to target deaths from medical care that were unforeseen by the administrator. Medsafe Japan analyzed the 10 cases of central venous catheterization-related deaths reported in the system and published recommendations in March 2017. However, the particular emphasis for the prevention of central venous catheterization-related deaths is unclear.

Recombinant human thrombomodulin for pneumonia-induced severe ARDS complicated by DIC in children: a preliminary study.

Purpose: Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rTM) has been used to treat disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Recent studies have shown the efficacy of rTM through its anti-inflammatory effects for treatment of adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the safety and efficacy of rTM in children with severe ARDS complicated by DIC have not been reported.

Azithromycin, a 15-membered macrolide antibiotic, inhibits influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection by interfering with virus internalization process.

The pandemic influenza 2009 (A(H1N1)pdm09) virus currently causes seasonal and annual epidemic outbreaks. The widespread use of anti-influenza drugs such as neuraminidase and matrix protein 2 (M2) channel inhibitors has resulted in the emergence of drug-resistant influenza viruses. In this study, we aimed to determine the anti-influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus activity of azithromycin, a re-positioned macrolide antibiotic with potential as a new anti-influenza candidate, and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action.

Tuberculous pneumonia-induced severe ARDS complicated with DIC in a female child: a case of successful treatment.

Background: Tuberculous (TB) pneumonia can induce acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although TB pneumonia is one of the causes of disease and death among children worldwide, the literature on TB pneumonia-induced ARDS is limited. We report herein on the successful treatment of a two-year-old female child with TB pneumonia-induced severe ARDS complicated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

Hypothiocyanous Acid Suppresses PolyI:C-Induced Antiviral Responses by Modulating IRF3 Phosphorylation in Human Airway Epithelial Cells.

Pattern recognition receptors recognize RNA viruses and trigger type I and III interferon (IFN) production and apoptosis to limit viral replication and spread. Some innate immune cells produce oxidants in response to viral infection to protect against invasion. Recent studies have demonstrated the virucidal activity of hypothiocyanous acid (HOSCN), an oxidant generated by the peroxidase-catalyzed reaction of thiocyanate with hydrogen peroxide.

Pathogen screening and prognostic factors in children with severe ARDS of pulmonary origin.

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the most lethal diseases encountered in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The etiological pathogens and prognostic factors of severe ARDS of pulmonary origin in children with respiratory virus infections were prospectively investigated.

Methods: Enrolled children fulfilled the following criteria: (1) PICU admission; (2) age of 1 month to 16 years; (3) diagnosis of infectious pneumonia and respiratory virus infection; and (4) development of severe ARDS within 72 h after PICU admission.

[Avian influenza].

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) came to the attention of the international sci- entific community for the first time in 1997 at Hong Kong. The current global spread of hu- man infection by this subtype started in 2003. Since then, many clinical case reports on H5N1 have been reported.

Adenovirus Type 7 Pneumonia in Children Who Died from Measles-Associated Pneumonia, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2014.

During a 2014 measles outbreak in Vietnam, postmortem pathologic examination of hospitalized children who died showed that adenovirus type 7 pneumonia was a contributory cause of death in children with measles-associated immune suppression. Adenovirus type 7 pneumonia should be recognized as a major cause of secondary infection after measles.

Immunomodulation with eicosapentaenoic acid supports the treatment of autoimmune small-vessel vasculitis.

Small-vessel vasculitis is a life-threatening autoimmune disease that is frequently associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs). Conventional immunotherapy including steroids and cyclophosphamide can cause serious adverse events, limiting the efficacy and safety of treatment. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a key component of fish oil, is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid widely known to be cardioprotective and beneficial for vascular function.

Measurement of blood pressure in a thalidomide-impaired patient who required ovarian cystectomy: A case report.

Introduction: Thalidomide was available for use over-the-counter between 1958 and 1962, and more than 300 thalidomide-impaired people have been confirmed in Japan. Currently, thalidomide-impaired people are nearing the age of 50 years and sometimes require medical treatment or surgery. However, a sphygmomanometer cannot be used to measure the blood pressure in some thalidomide-impaired people because of upper-limb shortening or hypoplastic defects.

[Efficacy of intranasal desmopressin for the treatment of nocturnal polyuria in the elderly females].

Older adults often complain of nocturia as one of the most bothersome symptoms of lower urinary tract incontinence. Nocturia places such patients at risk of falling down and insomnia and increases the care burden. The causes of nocturia include various factors, such as neuropathic bladder, prostate hyperplasia and pelvic floor muscle weakness.

Vascular complications and coagulation-related changes in the perioperative period in Japanese patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.

Aim: To properly assess the guidance for perioperative management, we undertook a clinical epidemiology study with the primary aim of evaluating the incidence of perioperative vascular complications and their associated factors in a cohort of Japanese patients who underwent non-cardiac surgery in a tertiary medical care center.

Methods: This observational study comprised two parts. In the first part, thrombotic and bleeding events and their risk factors in the perioperative period were evaluated in a total of 2,654 consecutive patients.

Effect of invariant natural killer T cells with IL-5 and activated IL-6 receptor in ventilator-associated lung injury in mice.

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is well known to potentially cause ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI). It has also been reported recently that activation of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells is involved in the onset/progression of airway inflammation. We analyzed the roles of inflammatory cells, including iNKT cells, and cytokines/chemokines in a mouse model of VALI.

[A case of large tracheoesophageal fistula after repair of the right discending aortic arch].

A 77-year-old woman with right aortic arch was diagnosed as aortic dissection (De Bakey IIIb) and hospitalized for conservative treatment. But, her respiratory condition deteriorated due to tracheal stenosis with aortic dissection. Surgical graft replacement of the descending aorta was performed to release tracheal stenosis.

Pathological study of archival lung tissues from five fatal cases of avian H5N1 influenza in Vietnam.

Highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza virus (H5N1) infection in humans causes acute respiratory distress syndrome, leading to multiple organ failure. Five fatal cases of H5N1 infection in Vietnam were analyzed pathologically to reveal virus distribution, and local proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression profiles in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung tissues. Our main histopathological findings showed diffuse alveolar damage in the lungs.

Key role of regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted, nonstructural protein1 and myeloperoxidase in cytokine storm induced by influenza virus PR-8 (A/H1N1) infection in A549 bronchial epithelial cells.

Influenza virus infection causes severe respiratory disease such as that due to avian influenza (H5N1). Influenza A viruses proliferate in human epithelial cells, which produce inflammatory cytokines/chemokines as a "cytokine storm" attenuated with the viral nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). Cytokine/chemokine production in A549 epithelial cells infected with influenza A/H1N1 virus (PR-8) or nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) plasmid was examined in vitro.

Multidisciplinary nutritional support for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a cost-benefit analysis.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the economic and clinical efficacy of a multidisciplinary nutritional support team (NST) for autologous stem cell transplantation.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cost-benefit analysis of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with and without NST intervention at a single institute. Patients (n = 120) had undergone 169 ASCTs, 67 before the commencement of NST intervention in September 2005 and 102 after September 2005.

Clinical factors associated with severity in hospitalized children infected with avian influenza (H5N1).

Objective: The World Health organization received reports of 478 laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza A (H5N1) from 15 countries between November 2003 and February 2010. More than 50% of these cases involved patients <20 years of age. Determining an association between the clinical factors at the time of hospital admission and prognosis may be useful for timely and adequate consultation and treatment.

Multicenter prospective evaluation of a novel rapid immunochromatographic diagnostic kit specifically detecting influenza A H1N1 2009 virus.

Background: Definitive diagnosis is crucial in reducing morbidity and mortality from pandemic influenza A H1N1 2009 (A/H1N1/2009), especially in high-risk populations. We recently developed a rapid diagnosis kit (RDK) capable of specifically detecting A/H1N1/2009.

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic capability of the RDK in a multicenter, prospective trial.

[Trends of HIV patients operated at International Medical Center of Japan].

Background: HIV-infected patients are on the increase in Japan, and anti-HIV therapy improved their prognosis. It is expected that the number of operations in HIV patients will increase.

Methods: We surveyed the prevalence of HIV 30,188 patients operated at International Medical Center of Japan, a major, HIV/AIDS hospital, from 2001 to 2007.

Histone deacetylase modulates the proinflammatory and -fibrotic changes in tubulointerstitial injury.

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) regulates gene expression by modifying chromatin structure. Although changes in the expression and activities of HDAC may affect the course of kidney disease, the role of HDAC in tubulointerstitial injury has not been explored. We therefore investigated the alterations in HDAC expression and determined the effects of HDAC inhibition on the tubulointerstitial injury induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction.

Risk parameters of fulminant acute respiratory distress syndrome and avian influenza (H5N1) infection in Vietnamese children.

A clinical picture of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) has been reported. We reviewed 37 sets of clinical data for pediatric patients with ARDS at the National Hospital of Pediatrics (Hanoi, Vietnam); 12 patients with H5N1-positive and 25 with H5N1-negative ARDS were enrolled. The H5N1-negative patients had a clinical picture and mortality rate similar to that for the pediatric ARDS patients.