Experimental design in formulation optimization of vitamin K oxide-loaded nanoliposomes for skin delivery.

Due to the vitamin K sensitizing potential, the oxidized-isoform of vitamin K (vitamin K oxide, VKO), has been recently used for treating laser-induced purpura and hyperpigmentation in cosmetics. The objective of this study was to formulate VKO in nanoliposomes by using Box-Behnken experimental design to obtain an optimized formula with higher efficiency. The ratio of phospholipid to cholesterol (PC/CHO ratio), VKO concentration and sonication time in low, medium, and high levels were independent variables, while the percent of VKO entrapment efficiency (EE%) and vesicle size were selected as dependent variables.

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for enhanced lidocaine skin delivery.

Lidocaine's (Lido) low water solubility and negligible tissue uptake limit its bioavailability when applied to the skin. Nanoparticulate systems would help address these issues; therefore, lidocaine inclusion complexes with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were prepared and the effect of MCM41 surface functionalization with positively charged amino-propyl groups on the molecule properties studied. It is expected that positively charged nanoparticles can improve lidocaine permeation into the skin.

Nanodiamond applications in skin preparations.

The biocompatibility and nontoxicity of nanodiamonds (NDs) in combination with their excellent physical performance have rendered them attractive candidates for biomedical applications. NDs have great potential in drug nanoformulations because of their small size compared with other carbon nanomaterials. They are nontoxic with excellent adsorption properties and can be formulated into skin care products.

RNA Loading on Nano-Structured Hyperbranched β-Cyclodextrin.

Background: β-Cyclodextrin functionalized hyper-branched polyglycerol (HBCD: β-CD-g-PG), a biocompatible polymer, has recently been proposed for delivery of poorly water soluble compounds.

Methods: The present study examines the interaction of HBCD with RNA, utilizing a constant concentration of RNA and different HBCD/RNA ratios of 1/16 to 1/1, at physiological condition in an aqueous solution. Circular Dichroism (CD), UV-visible, FTIR spectroscopic methods, zeta potential and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) were used to analyze the particle formation, particle charge, particle size, aggregation, RNA conformation, binding constant and mode, and the effect of polymer complexation on RNA stability.

Fullerene nanoparticle in dermatological and cosmetic applications.

Nanoparticles are equipped with exceptional properties which make them well suitable for diverse and novel applications. Fullerene is one of the nanomaterials that has valuable applications in the field of biomedicine. It possesses exceptional antioxidant capacity which has made it a promising core ingredient in many dermatological and skin care products.

New Generation of Fluconazole: A Review on Existing Researches and Technologies.

Background: The frontline drug fluconazole (FLZ) has been used for treating skin fungal infections for over 35 years. FLZ has relatively large molecular size and hydrophobicity which improves its bioavailability via intravenous or oral routes but makes its use in a topical application problematic. In recent years, nano-based strategies have been examined to eliminate FLZ adverse effects and increase the drug efficiency.

Nano-Sized Technologies for Miconazole Skin Delivery.

Various nano-based strategies for increasing the efficiency of topical drugs have offered the potential advantage of miconazole skin delivery. Miconazole nitrate is an antifungal drug with a drawback of poor skin-penetration in the treatment of deep seated fungal skin infections. Drug entrapment in nanoparticles such as ethosome, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nano structured lipid carriers (NLCs) can facilitate localized drug delivery and remove the skin barriers for an efficient drug delivery.

Novel drug delivery strategies for improving econazole antifungal action.

Econazole is a commonly used azole antifungal in clinical treatment of superficial fungal infections. It is generally used as conventional cream and gel preparations under the brand names of Spectazole (United States), Ecostatin (Canada), Pevaryl (Western Europe). Treatment efficiency of antifungal drugs depends on their penetration through target layers of skin at effective concentrations.

Interaction of sulforaphane with DNA and RNA.

Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities. However, the antioxidant and anticancer mechanism of sulforaphane is not well understood. In the present research, we reported binding modes, binding constants and stability of SFN-DNA and -RNA complexes by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-Visible spectroscopic methods.

Arsenic trioxide binding to serum proteins.

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) also known as Trisenox, is an anticancer chemotherapeutic drug which has been used in treating diagnosed and relapsed patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Serum albumin is the most abundant of the proteins in blood plasma and is the major transporter for delivering several drugs in vivo. The current study was designed to evaluate the potential ability of human and bovine serum albumin for delivering arsenic trioxide.

Perspectives on percutaneous penetration: Silica nanoparticles.

Nanotechnology is a rapidly expanding area of research involved in developing science-based solutions for innovative therapeutics. Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) have received wide attention in several industries and medicine and are being developed for biomedical and biotechnological applications such as drug delivery, DNA transfection, and targeted molecular imaging of cancer. Recently, they are emerging in the fields of cosmetics and dermal preparations.

Adsorption properties of tetracycline onto graphene oxide: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies.

Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticle is a high potential effective absorbent. Tetracycline (TC) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced, indicated for use against many bacterial infections. In the present research, a systematic study of the adsorption and release process of tetracycline on GO was performed by varying pH, sorption time and temperature.

Study on the interaction of homoisoflavonoids with RNA.

Homoisoflavonoids (3-benzylidene-4-chromanones) are isomers of flavonoids and exhibit different biological activities because of hydroxyl groups attaching to different positions. This study is the first attempt to locate the binding sites of four synthetic homoisoflavonoids: (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-7-methoxychroman-4-one (BMC), (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-7-propoxychroman-4-one (BPC), (E)-3-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-7-methoxychroman-4-one (HBMC) and (E) 3-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-chroman-4-one (HBC) to RNA. The effect of the ligand complexation on RNA aggregation was investigated in aqueous solution at physiological conditions, using constant RNA concentration (6.

Encapsulation of milk β-lactoglobulin by chitosan nanoparticles.

Naturally occurring polymers, such as chitosan, have been extensively studied as carriers for therapeutic protein and gene delivery systems. β-Lactoglobulin (β-LG) is a member of the lipocalin superfamily of transporters for small hydrophobic molecules. We examine the binding of milk β-lactoglobulin with chitosan of different sizes such as chitosan 15, 100, and 200 KD in aqueous solution at pH 5-6, using FTIR, CD, and fluorescence spectroscopic methods.

Study on the interaction of sulforaphane with human and bovine serum albumins.

Sulforaphane; [1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl) butane], (SFN) is an isothiocyanate derived from glucoraphanin present in cruciferous vegetables and has a variety of potential chemopreventive actions. This study was designed to examine the interaction of sulforaphane with HSA and BSA. FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopic methods as well as molecular modeling were used to determine the drug binding mode, binding constant and the effect of drug complexation on serum albumins stability and conformation.

A comparative study of the interaction of Tamiflu and Oseltamivir carboxylate with bovine serum albumin.

Oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu) is a pro-drug that is metabolized to its active form (Oseltamivir carboxylate), after oral administration. OC inhibits influenza A and B neuraminidases in vitro and OP inhibits influenza virus infection and replication in vitro. Serum albumin is the most abundant of the proteins in the circulatory system of a wide variety of organisms and plays an important role in the transport and deposition of many drugs.

Molecular aspects on the specific interaction of homoisoflavonoids to DNA.

Homoisoflavonoids (3-benzylidenechroman-4-ones) are related to flavonoids and occur as natural products and exhibit biological activity. These compounds have been reported to possess antioxidant, antifungal, hypocholesterolemic, antimutagenic and antiviral activities. This study was designed to examine the interactions of four synthetic homoisoflavonoids (BMC, BPC, HBC and HBMC) with calf-thymus DNA in aqueous solution at physiological conditions, using constant DNA concentration (6.

The effect of Se salts on DNA structure.

There is considerable interest in the role of selenium in cancer prevention. Various organic and inorganic Se compounds are considered to be antioxidants. In the present study, the binding modes, the binding constants and the stability of Se-DNA complexes have been determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-Visible spectroscopic methods.

Study on the interaction of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid with RNA.

Glycyrrhizin is a well known pharmacologically bioactive natural glycoside. Glycyrrhizin (GL) has been widely used as a therapeutic agent for chronic active liver diseases. Glycyrrhetinic acid is an aglycone and an active metabolite of glycyrrhizin.

Interaction of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid with DNA.

Glycyrrhizin (GL), a molecule of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), is an aqueous extract from licorice root. These compounds are well known for their anti-inflammatory, hepatocarcinogenesis, antiviral, and interferon-inducing activities. This study is the first attempt to investigate the binding of GL and GA with DNA.

Interaction of aspirin and vitamin C with bovine serum albumin.

Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) has a major biological role as a natural antioxidant. Aspirin belongs to the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and functions as an antioxidant via its ability to scavenge-OH radicals. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is the major soluble protein constituent of the circulatory system and has many physiological functions including transport of a variety of compounds.

Study on the interaction of tamiflu and oseltamivir carboxylate with human serum albumin.

Oseltamivir phosphate (OP; tamiflu) is an antiviral pro-drug, which is hydrolyzed hepatically to the active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate (OC). It is the first orally neuraminidase inhibitor that was used in the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza virus A and B infection. Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant of the proteins in the blood plasma and is major transporter for delivering several drugs in vivo.

Binding of 2-acetylaminofluorene to DNA.

2-Acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) is a carcinogenic and mutagenic derivative of fluorene. It is used as a biochemical tool in the study of carcinogenesis. Studies have shown that it induces tumors in a number of species in the liver, bladder, and kidney.

Anti-mutagenic and pro-apoptotic effects of apigenin on human chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells.

Diet can play a vital role in cancer prevention. Nowadays the scientists are looking for food materials which can potentially prevent the cancer occurrence. The purpose of this research is to examine anti-mutagenic and apoptotic effects of apigenin in human lymphoma cells.

Interaction of β-carboline alkaloids with RNA.

β-Carboline alkaloids are present in medicinal plants such as Peganum harmala L., which have been used as folk medicine in anticancer therapy. Recently, they have drawn attention because of their antitumor activities.