Morphology-Dependent Coherent Acoustic Phonon Vibrations and Phonon Beat of Au Nanopolyhedrons.

Coherent acoustic phonon vibrations of Au nanopolyhedrons, including nanocubes, nano-octahedrons, and nanocuboctahedrons, in aqueous solutions and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films, were investigated using transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy combined with finite element analysis based on continuum elastic theory. In each type of nanopolyhedron, two vibrational modes with similar quality factors (Qs) and phases were observed, suggesting that both were induced by thermal expansion. The low-frequency vibrational mode represents a tip-to-tip displacement in each nanopolyhedron, whereas the high-frequency mode is the breathing vibration of the whole particle and reveals morphology dependence, displaying a face-to-face displacement in nanocuboctahedrons, an edge-to-edge displacement in nano-octahedrons, and a combination of face-to-face and edge-to-edge displacements in nanocubes.

Effects of inducing exercise on growing mice by means of three-dimensional structure in rearing environment.

We reared ICR mice during a growth period (3 to 10 weeks of age) and examined the effect of exercise induction, by enriching the rearing environment with obstacles such as ladders, compared to the standard environment. Environmental enrichment significantly increased the amount of exercise in both sexes (P<0.01).

[Causative factors of esmolol-induced reduction in arterial blood pressure differ in accordance with its doses].

Background: Because the causative factors responsible for hypotension by esmolol remain to be fully elucidated, this study investigated whether different doses of esmolol may be different in causing esmolol-induced hypotension in dogs anaesthetized with sevoflurane.

Methods: The ES 25, ES 100 and ES 400 groups (n = 8, each) randomly received esmolol that was infused at a constant rate at 25, 100, or 400 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) during a 60 min-infusion period, respectively.

Results: Esmolol produced dose-dependent decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) which were not associated with any changes in heart rate.

[Responses of hemodynamics and splanchnic organ blood flow to esmolol during inhalation of volatile anesthetics in dogs].

Background: Because the hemodynamic alterations due to sympathetic suppression by the interaction of esmolol with volatile anesthetics may alter the blood flow to the splanchnic organs, this study was designed to investigate whether esmolol might modify the hemodynamics and splanchnic organ blood flow in anesthetized dogs.

Methods: Anesthesia was maintained with 0.9% halothane, 1.

Laterality of flipper rubbing behaviour in wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus): caused by asymmetry of eye use?

To determine whether wild Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) at Mikura Island, Japan, show asymmetry of eye or flipper use during a social behaviour, we investigated the laterality of flipper-to-body (F-B) rubbing, in which one dolphin ("rubber") rubs the body of another ("rubbee") with its flipper. We analysed 382 episodes of video-recorded F-B rubbings performed by identified individuals (N=111 rubbers). F-B rubbing was conducted significantly more frequently with the left flipper than with the right flipper.

Esmolol attenuates hepatic blood flow responses during sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension in dogs.

Purpose: The hemodynamic responses secondary to sympathetic suppression by esmolol may alter blood flow to splanchnic organs. We investigated whether esmolol might modify splanchnic organ blood flow responses during sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced hypotension in dogs anesthetized with sevoflurane.

Methods: The control group (n = 10) received SNP (SNP group).

Effects of KRN2391-induced hypotension on the endocrine system and carbohydrate metabolism in halothane-anesthetized dogs.

Purpose: The hemodynamic profiles of KRN2391-induced hypotension have been reported to be a hyperdynamic state. However, the endocrine effects of KRN2391-induced hypotension remain to be elucidated. We investigated the endocrine and metabolic effects of KRN2391-induced hypotension on the plasma concentrations of catecholamines, aldosterone, cortisol, glucose, and lactic acid and on plasma renin activity.

The effect of CGRP-induced hypotension on organ blood flow during halothane anesthesia in dogs: a comparison with trimetaphan.

Purpose: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is an endogenous 37-amino-acid peptide which is a powerful vasodilator of the splanchnic circulation. To elucidate the effects of CGRP-induced hypotension on the organ blood flow, we compared the renal, hepatic, and pancreatic organ flows of CGRP-induced hypotension with those of trimetaphan (TMP) in halothane-anesthetized dogs.

Methods: Systemic hemodynamics and organ blood flow were determined in 18 mongrel dogs allocated to one of two groups: CGRP group (n=10) and TMP group (n=8).

Comparative hemodynamic effects of hypotension induced by diadenosine tetraphosphate (APA) and ATP in dogs.

ATP and diadenosine tetraphosphate (APA) have been shown to produce vasodilation mediated by P- and P-purinoceptor, respectively. The differing mechanisms involved in this vasodilating activity may induce different systemic hemodynamic changes. We compared the hemodynamic effects of APA-induced hypotension with those induced by ATP.

Hemodynamic effects of KRN2391 (potassium channel opener) in halothane-anesthetized dogs.

The cardiovascular responses to an infusion of KRN2391, a potassium channel opener, was studied in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Intravenous administration of KRN2391 at 1.0 and 5.