Publications by authors named "Shohei Nambu"
A prompt and reliable molecular diagnosis for brain tumors has become crucial in precision medicine. While Comprehensive Genomic Profiling (CGP) has become feasible, there remains room for enhancement in brain tumor diagnosis due to the partial lack of essential genes and limitations in broad copy number analysis. In addition, the long turnaround time of commercially available CGPs poses an additional obstacle to the timely implementation of results in clinics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly lethal brain tumor. The effectiveness of temozolomide (TMZ) treatment in GBM is linked to the methylation status of O6-methyl-guanine DNA methyltransferase () promoter. Patients with unmethylated promoter have limited treatment options available.
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- Ependymomas are diverse tumors with specific types based on where they occur and their molecular characteristics, with spinal ependymomas (SP-EPN) being the most common type found in the spinal cord of both children and adults.
- Research revealed limited molecular data on SP-EPN, with known genetic changes including losses on chromosome 22q and mutations in NF2, but this study aimed to fill the gaps by analyzing transcriptomic, epigenetic, genetic, and clinical data from a large cohort.
- The study identified two subtypes of SP-EPN: subtype A, associated with known NF2 mutations and more severe disease, and subtype B, characterized by different genetic alterations and more stable NF2 expression, helping to
Article Synopsis
- * Group 4 (G4) MB, the most common subtype, is characterized by somatic mutations affecting the core binding factor alpha (CBFA) complex, including changes to genes like CBFA2T2 and OTX2.
- * Research indicates that G4 MB cells resemble early progenitor cells in the cerebellar region but are stalled in development; targeting OTX2 may help overcome this block and allow these cells to mature normally.
Background: Syringomyelia often accompanies spinal hemangioblastoma (SHB). It often shows progression to the medulla oblongata, dubbed as "syringobulbia", which presents critical symptoms such as dysphagia and respiratory compromise. Appropriate management of chronological syringomyelia progression toward syringobulbia is not set in stone.
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- Tractography is a technique used to predict functional brain areas before surgery, with Diffusion Tensor Tractography (DTT) being the common method, but it struggles with complex fiber structures compared to Q-ball imaging tractography (QBT).
- In a study of 15 glioma patients undergoing awake surgery, researchers compared the effectiveness of DTT and QBT in identifying the arcuate fasciculus by correlating it with direct cortical stimulation results.
- The findings indicated that QBT showed higher sensitivity and lower false-positive rates than DTT, making it a more reliable method for pinpointing the motor speech area, which is important for brain tumor surgeries.
Background: Solitary plasmacytoma is a localized lesion comprising monoclonal neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells. This disease is rarely encountered and few reports have described primary intracranial solitary plasmacytoma (PISP).
Case Description: We report a case of PISP that presented initially as status epilepticus and exhibited massive intratumoral hemorrhage at the subcortical area.
Although the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) cancers is not high, it significantly reduces a patient's quality of life and results in high mortality rates. A low incidence also means a low number of cases, which in turn means a low amount of information. To compensate, researchers have tried to increase the amount of information available from a single test using high-throughput technologies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFluid dynamics, resulting from the macroscopic mechanical rotation of either a rotary evaporator or a magnetic stirrer, has been shown to selectively induce one of two enantiomers (mirror-image structures) in certain nanoscale supramolecules. As an alternative to giving a chiral twist to synthesized supramolecules or polymers, it is a challenge to reproducibly prepare chiral species by only using macroscopic mechanical rotations. Demonstrated here is a highly reproducible method for rotary-evaporation-induced enantioselective H-aggregation of achiral phthalocyanines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHemangioblastoma is usually amenable to total surgical resection, but indication for surgery can be hampered by its location, multiplicity, or repeated recurrences frequently observed in patients with von Hippel Lindau disease (VHLD). Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been administered for such cases as an alternative therapeutic option with generally favorable clinical response, but the effect of SRS has not been underscored by histological examination of the treated hemangioblastoma. Here we present histology of VHLD-associated hemangioblastoma tissue resected three months after SRS because of cyst enlargement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObject: Porencephalic cyst/encephalomalacia (PC/E) is a brain lesion caused by ischemic insult or hemorrhage. The authors evaluated magnetoencephalography (MEG) spike sources (MEGSS) to localize the epileptogenic zone in children with intractable epilepsy secondary to PC/E.
Methods: The authors retrospectively studied 13 children with intractable epilepsy secondary to PC/E (5 girls and 8 boys, age range 1.