Hydrochemical facies distribution, controlling mechanisms and Natural background concentrations of major pollutants in Ganga-Yamuna Interfluve Aquifer, India.

Evolution of groundwater genesis in Central Ganga Plain (CGP) is scrutinized with due consideration of hydrochemical and hydrodynamic environment within Quaternary alluviums. Wide variation in hydrochemical facies in CGP indicates a dynamic hydro-geochemical environment influenced from the seasonal rainfall, return flows, canal seepages, and anthropogenic activities. The Ca-HCO facies retaining meteoric nature is characterized by shallow water levels, high recharge rate, high hydraulic conductivity, low salinity and trace elemental load.

Natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity shapes the clonal evolution of B cell leukaemia.

The term cancer immunoediting describes the dual role by which the immune system can suppress and promote tumour growth and is divided into three phases: elimination, equilibrium and escape. The role of NK cells has mainly been attributed to the elimination phase. Here we show that NK cells play a role in all three phases of cancer immunoediting.

Facile Synthesis of Polypyrrole-Decorated RGO-CuS Nanocomposite for Efficient Nickel Removal from Wastewater.

Efficient wastewater treatment, particularly the removal of heavy metal ions, remains a challenging priority in environmental remediation. This study introduces a novel sandwich-structured nanocomposite, RGO-CuS-PPy, composed of reduced graphene oxide (RGO), copper sulfide (CuS), and polypyrrole (PPy), synthesized via a straightforward hydrothermal method. The unique combination of RGO, CuS, and PPy offers enhanced adsorption capacity for Ni(II) ions due to RGO's high surface area and CuS's active binding sites, supported by PPy's structural stability contributions.

Investigating the Effect of Carbon Nanotubes Decorated SmVO-MoS Nanocomposite for Energy Storage Enhancement via VARTM-Fabricated Solid-State Structural Supercapacitors Using Woven Carbon Fiber.

Traditional supercapacitors are cumbersome and need separate enclosures, which add weight and reduce space efficiency. In contrast, structural supercapacitors combine energy storage with load-bearing materials, optimizing space and weight for automotive and aerospace applications. This study investigates the synthesis of SmVO-MoS and SmVO-MoS-CNT nanocomposites, focusing on optimizing CNT concentration in SmVO-MoS-CNT for high-performance supercapacitors.

CNT functionalized GdCoBi ternary metal oxide nanocomposite for electrochemical detection of perfluorooctanoic acid and energy storage applications.

Perfluorooctanoic acid "Forever Chemical" presents substantial ecological challenges owing to its persistence and resistance to degradation. The study introduces a novel approach by integrating ternary metal oxides-GdO, CoO, and BiO with carbon nanotubes to develop a versatile electrode material, CNT@GdCoBi NCs, which demonstrates dual functionality as both an electrochemical sensor for PFOA and a component for energy storage devices. The electrode exhibits outstanding electrochemical sensing performance, with a detection limit for PFOA of 4.

A Facile Synthesis of RGO-AgMoO Nanocomposites for Efficient Lead Removal from Aqueous Solution.

Efficiently treating wastewater, particularly the elimination of heavy metal ions from water systems, continues to be one of the most pressing and complex challenges in modern environmental management. In this work, reduced graphene oxide coupled silver molybdate binary nanocomposites (RGO-AgMoO NCs) have been prepared via hydrothermal method. The crystalline nature and surface properties of the developed RGO-AgMoO NCs were proved by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDS techniques.

Polyindole-Functionalized RGO-NiFeO-SiO Nanocomposite: A Dual-Functional Nanomaterial for Efficient Antimony Adsorption and Subsequent Application in Supercapacitor.

Effective wastewater treatment remains a critical challenge, especially when dealing with hazardous pollutants like antimony (Sb(III)). This study addresses this issue by using innovative nanocomposites to remove Sb(III) ions from water, while simultaneously repurposing the spent adsorbents for energy storage applications. We developed reduced graphene oxide-NiFeO-SiO-polyindole nanocomposites (RGO-NiFeO-SiO-PIn NCs) via a hydrothermal synthesis method, achieving a high removal efficiency of 91.

Profiling Metal-Induced Genotoxic Endpoints.

Many toxic metals are involved in the initiation and progression of DNA damage that can result in the activation of DNA damage response machinery at double- and single-stranded DNA; this response can result in global and gene-specific DNA alteration. The toxicological profiles from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and several other studies have demonstrated the influence of metal exposure-induced genotoxic endpoints and epigenetic modifications. Our review systematically summarizes accumulating evidence from ATSDR toxicological profiles and the available literature that demonstrate a possible induction of various genotoxic endpoints and metal exposures.

A human neural crest model reveals the developmental impact of neuroblastoma-associated chromosomal aberrations.

Early childhood tumours arise from transformed embryonic cells, which often carry large copy number alterations (CNA). However, it remains unclear how CNAs contribute to embryonic tumourigenesis due to a lack of suitable models. Here we employ female human embryonic stem cell (hESC) differentiation and single-cell transcriptome and epigenome analysis to assess the effects of chromosome 17q/1q gains, which are prevalent in the embryonal tumour neuroblastoma (NB).

Comparative transcriptomics coupled to developmental grading via transgenic zebrafish reporter strains identifies conserved features in neutrophil maturation.

Neutrophils are evolutionarily conserved innate immune cells playing pivotal roles in host defense. Zebrafish models have contributed substantially to our understanding of neutrophil functions but similarities to human neutrophil maturation have not been systematically characterized, which limits their applicability to studying human disease. Here we show, by generating and analysing transgenic zebrafish strains representing distinct neutrophil differentiation stages, a high-resolution transcriptional profile of neutrophil maturation.

TERT-independent telomere elongation and shelterin dysregulation after pulmonary exposure to stainless-steel welding fume in-vivo.

Telomeres are inert DNA sequences (TTAGGG) at the end of chromosomes that protect genetic information and maintain DNA integrity. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that telomere alteration can be closely related to occupational exposure and the development of various disease conditions, including cancer. However, the functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of telomere alteration and shelterin dysregulation after welding fume exposures have not been broadly defined.

Alginate Modified Magnetic Polypyrrole Nanocomposite for the Adsorptive Removal of Heavy Metal.

The presence of heavy metals with high acute toxicity in wastewater poses a substantial risk to both the environment and human health. To address this issue, we developed a nanocomposite of alginate-encapsulated polypyrrole (PPy) decorated with α-FeO nanoparticles (Alg@Mag/PPy NCs), fabricated for the removal of mercury(II) from synthetic wastewater. In the adsorption experiments, various parameters were examined to identify the ideal conditions.

Elucidation of anti-hyperglycemic activity of Psidium guajava L. leaves extract on streptozotocin induced neonatal diabetic Long-Evans rats.

Background: Psidium guajava L (Guava) belongs to the Myrtaceae family and has been claimed to possess several pharmacological properties including antidiabetic.

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic activity of P guajava L leaves aqueous extract on neonatal streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic model rats.

Methods: Streptozotocin was induced (90 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to 48 h old Long Evans rat pups.

State-of-the-art advances in nanocomposite and bio-nanocomposite polymeric materials: A comprehensive review.

The modern eco-friendly materials used in research and innovation today consist of nanocomposites and bio-nanocomposite polymers. Their unique composite properties make them suitable for various industrial, medicinal, and energy applications. Bio-nanocomposite polymers are made of biopolymer matrices that have nanofillers dispersed throughout them.

Urban and Rural Mpox Incidence Among Persons Aged 15-64 Years - United States, May 10-December 31, 2022.

During May 10-December 31, 2022, a total of 29,980 confirmed and probable U.S. monkeypox (mpox) cases were reported to CDC, predominantly in cisgender adult men reporting recent same-gender sexual partners (1).

Examination of the exposome in an animal model: The impact of high fat diet and rat strain on local and systemic immune markers following occupational welding fume exposure.

The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of multiple exposomal factors (genetics, lifestyle factors, environmental/occupational exposures) on pulmonary inflammation and corresponding alterations in local/systemic immune parameters. Accordingly, male Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Brown Norway (BN) rats were maintained on either regular (Reg) or high fat (HF) diets for 24wk. Welding fume (WF) exposure (inhalation) occurred between 7 and 12wk.

Ingestion and effects of green synthesized cadmium sulphide nanoparticle on Spodoptera Litura as an insecticidal and their antimicrobial and anticancer activities.

The current study investigated the multifunctional properties of Cadmium Sulphide Nanoparticles synthesized using a green synthesis method (CdS NPs) using a green feedstock, Nopal Cactus fruit extract. The biological activities of the CdS NPs were thoroughly investigated, including their insecticidal, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. The different concentrations (0.

Novel ZrO-glycine nanocomposite as eco-friendly high temperature corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution.

We report the green synthesis of novel ZrO-Glycine nanocomposite referred to as ZrO-Gly NC followed by its characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, SEM/EDX, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Further, the inhibition effect of the varying concentration of ZrO-Gly NC on the corrosion of mild steel (MS) in 1 M HCl was investigated by weight loss and electrochemical measurements at 40-80 °C. The percentage inhibition efficacy of NC increased with the increase of concentration and temperature and reached about 81.

Immobilization of GOx Enzyme on SiO-Coated Ni-Co Ferrite Nanocomposites as Magnetic Support and Their Antimicrobial and Photocatalytic Activities.

The present study used a sol-gel auto-combustion approach to make silica (SiO)-coated Ni-Co ferrite nanocomposites that would be used as a platform for enzyme immobilization. Using glutaraldehyde as a coupling agent, glucose oxidase (GOx) was covalently immobilized on this magnetic substrate. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine the structural analysis and morphology of Ni-Co ferrite/SiO nanocomposites.

Identification of germline monoallelic mutations in IKZF2 in patients with immune dysregulation.

Helios, encoded by IKZF2, is a member of the Ikaros family of transcription factors with pivotal roles in T-follicular helper, NK- and T-regulatory cell physiology. Somatic IKZF2 mutations are frequently found in lymphoid malignancies. Although germline mutations in IKZF1 and IKZF3 encoding Ikaros and Aiolos have recently been identified in patients with phenotypically similar immunodeficiency syndromes, the effect of germline mutations in IKZF2 on human hematopoiesis and immunity remains enigmatic.

Germline biallelic mutation affecting the transcription factor Helios causes pleiotropic defects of immunity.

Helios, a member of the Ikaros family of transcription factors, is predominantly expressed in developing thymocytes, activated T cells, and regulatory T cells (T). Studies in mice have emphasized its role in maintenance of T immunosuppressive functions by stabilizing Foxp3 expression and silencing the locus. However, its contribution to human immune homeostasis and the precise mechanisms by which Helios regulates other T cell subsets remain unresolved.

Determination of chloramphenicol in meat samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Chloramphenicol (CAP), a bacteriostatic antibiotic, is used for the treatment of bacterial infections in human and animals. Continual exposure of CAP residues into animal tissues may lead to antibiotic resistance. For the protection of humans and animals from this problem, a fast and highly sensitive analytical method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed and validated in this study for the quantitative determination of CAP in poultry meat and beef samples.

Telomeres in toxicology: Occupational health.

The ends of chromosomes shorten at each round of cell division, and this process is thought to be affected by occupational exposures. Occupational hazards may alter telomere length homeostasis resulting in DNA damage, chromosome aberration, mutations, epigenetic alterations and inflammation. Therefore, for the protection of genetic material, nature has provided a unique nucleoprotein structure known as a telomere.

Welding fume inhalation exposure and high-fat diet change lipid homeostasis in rat liver.

It is estimated that greater than 1 million workers are exposed to welding fume (WF) by inhalation daily. The potentially toxic metals found in WF are known to cause multiple adverse pulmonary and systemic effects, including cardiovascular disease, and these metals have also been shown to translocate to the liver. This occupational exposure combined with a high fat (HF) Western diet, which has been shown to cause hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has the potential to cause significant mixed exposure metabolic changes in the liver.